مقایسه رفتار نکروزی و نشت یونی ارقام مقاوم و متحمل گلابی (.Pyrus communis L) در برهمکنش با سویه‏ های جهش یافته باکتری عامل بیماری آتشک در شرایط درون شیشه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ابهر، ابهر، ایران.

2 دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوه‏های معتدله و سردسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ابهر، ابهر، ایران.

چکیده

واکنش ارقام گلابی در مقابل حمله عامل بیماری آتشک به دو صورت مقاومت و تحمل بروز می‏کند که تفاوت آنها به خوبی مشخص نیست. بنابراین رفتار نکروزی و نشت یونی دو رقم مقاوم درگزی و متحمل هاروسوئیت در مقایسه با رقم حساس بارتلت در مقابل سویه غیرجهش یافته و سویه‏ های جهش یافته hrpN-، dspA/E- و hrpW- باکتری E. amylovora با هدف شناسائی ساختارهای مقاومت و تحمل در شرایط درون شیشه، مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. ظهور علائم در واکنش با سویه غیرجهش یافته در ارقام حساس و متحمل پس از سه روز و در رقم مقاوم پس از هفت روز ظاهر شد، لیکن در رقم مقاوم سرعت پیشرفت کندتری داشت. در کلیه ارقام یک تا دو روز قبل از مشاهده نکروز، نشت یونی افزایش و به 70 درصد رسید و با کامل شدن نکروز این شاخص به 100 درصد افزایش یافت. سویه جهش یافته hrpW- تاثیری روی زمان بروز نکروز و نشت یونی نداشت که بیانگر عدم تاثیر آن در ساختارهای مقاومت و تحمل بود. استفاده از سویه –hrpN سبب تسریع نکروز و نشت یونی در رقم مقاوم و تاخیر این شاخص‏ها در رقم متحمل در مقایسه با رقم حساس شد. همچنین سویه dspA/E- سبب تسریع نسبی نکروز و نشت یونی به مدت 48 ساعت در رقم مقاوم در مقایسه با رقم متحمل و عدم بروز کامل علائم در رقم حساس شد. بر اساس نقش دوگانه پروتئین HrpN روی بیماری‏زائی و تحریک سامانه دفاعی میزبان، نتایج بیانگر نقش کلیدی آن روی سامانه دفاع اکتسابی نسبت به نقش بیماری‏زائی آن در رقم مقاوم درگزی، و رابطه معکوس آن در رقم متحمل هاروسوئیت بود. این رفتار دوگانه می‏تواند به عنوان مسیری برای شناخت عمیق ‏تر ساختار مقاومت به آتشک در این گلابی و همچنین شاخصی برای تمایز ارقام مقاوم از متحمل گلابی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Necrotrophic Behaviour and Electrolyte Leakage of Resistant and Tolerant Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Cultivars to Mutant Strains of Causal Agent of Fire Blight Disease under In Vitro Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Maleki 1
  • H. Abdollahi 2
  • S. Piri 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Department of Horticulture, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Response of pear cultivars to causal agent of fire blight diseases is expressed by both resistance and tolerance, however the difference of the two is not clear. To better understand the mechanisms of resistance and tolerance of pear cultivars to the disease, the necrotrophic behaviour and electrolyte leakage of resistant (Dargazi) and tolerant (Harrow Sweet) cultivars was compared with susceptible cultivar (Barttlet) after inoculation by wild type and mutant strains (hrpN-, dspA/E- and hrpW-) of the bacterium. The appearance of symptoms in reaction to wild type strains occurred after three days in susceptible and tolerant cultivars, and in seven days in resistant cultivar. However, in resistant cultivar, Dargazi, disease progress slowed down. In all cultivars, one to two days before necrosis, electrolyte leakage increased to ~70%, and with the completion of necrosis it reached to 100%. The mutant strain hrpW- did not affect incidence of necrosis and electrolyte leakage, indicating no effect of this protein on resistance mechanisms. Using strain hrpN- increased the necrosis and electrolyte leakage in resistant cultivar and delayed these indices in tolerant cultivar in comparison with susceptible cultivar. Also, dspA/E- strain accelerated necrosis and electrolyte leakage in resistant cultivar in comparison with tolerant cultivar, and had no symptoms on susceptible cultivar. Considering the dual role of HrpN in pathogencity and stimulation of host defense system, the results indicated key role of HrpN protein on acquired defense system (ADS) in relation to the pathogenic role in the resistant cultivar (Dargazi) and its inverse relationship in tolerant cultivar (Harrow Sweet). This dual behaviour can be used as a tool for deeper understanding of the fire blight resistance mechanisms in pear, and also as an index for distinctness of resistant and tolerant pear cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pear
  • mutant strain
  • acquired defense system
  • resistance
  • tolerance

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نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 137-152

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