برآورد وراثت پذیری صفات زراعی کنجد( . Sesamum indicum L )در شرایط بدون‌تنش و تنش خشکی با استفاده از تجزیه دی‏ آلل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور برآورد ترکیب‏پذیری عمومی، خصوصی و نوع عمل ژن درکنجد، آزمایشی به صورت دی‌آلل یک طرفه 7×7 در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو شرایط بدون‌تنش و تنش خشکی د سال های 1394 و 1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند اجرا شد. تجزیه واریانس بیانگر تفاوت معنی‏دار بین ژنوتیپ‌ها بود. تجزیه گریفینگ نشان داد که در شرایط بدون‌تنش و تنش ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی کلیه صفات معنی‌دار شد. ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی در شرایط بدون‌تنش برای کلیه صفات بجز ارتفاع گیاه، ارتفاع تا اولین کپسول و تعداد کپسول در گیاه و در شرایط تنش برای کلیه صفات بجز ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه فرعی و تعداد کپسول در گیاه معنی‏دار بود. تجزیه واریانس هیمن نشان داد که در شرایط بدون‌تنش و تنش واریانس ژنتیکی افزایشی برای کلیه صفات معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط بدون‌تنش واریانس ژنتیکی غالبیت برای کلیه صفات بجز ارتفاع گیاه و ارتفاع تا اولین کپسول، و در شرایط تنش برای کلیه صفات بجز ارتفاع گیاه معنی دار بود. وراثت‌پذیری عملکرد و صفات وابسته با آن در هر دو محیط نسبتاً بالا بود. وراثت‌پذیری عمومی بین حداقل 51/0 (ارتفاع گیاه) تا 99/0 (چند صفت) و وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی بین 27/0 (شاخص برداشت) تا 99/0 (تعداد کپسول درگیاه) در دو شرایط رطوبتی متغیر بود. بیشترین هتروزیس(2/29 درصد) نسبت به میانگین والدین برای عملکرد دانه در محیط بدون‌تنش و کمترین هتروزیس(47/9- درصد) برای شاخص برداشت در شرایط تنش مشاهده شد. تنها برای صفت طول کپسول هتروزیس مثبت نسبت به والد برتر در محیط بدون‌تنش(03/0 درصد) مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Heritability of Agronomic Traits of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under Non-Stress and Drought Stress Conditions using Diallel Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Zabet
  • F. Barazandeh
  • A. R. Samadzadeh
Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and genes action in sesame, a 7×7 diallel cross was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications under non-stress and stress conditions in 2005 and 2006 in research field of faculty of agriculture of Birjand university. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between genotypes. Griffing analysis showed that significant GCA for all traits in non-stress and stress conditions. SCA was significant for all traits, except plant height, height to first capsule and number of capsule, in non-stress conditions. In stress conditions, SCA was also significant for all traits, except plant height, auxiliary branch number and number of capsule plant-1. Hayman analysis of variance showed that additive genetic variance was significant for all traits in both conditions. The dominant genetic variance was significant for all traits, except plant height and height to first capsule, in non-stress conditions. It was also significant for all traits, except plant height, in stress conditions. Inheritance of yield and related traits was relatively high in both conditions. Broad sense heritability varied from 0.51 (plant height) to 0.99 (several traits), and narrow sense heritability varied from 0.27 (harvest index) to 0.99 (number of capsule) in both conditions. The highest (29.2%) and lowest (-9.47%) heterosis relative to mid-parent observed for grain yield in non-stress and harvest index in stress conditions, respectively. The estimated heterosis relative to superior parent was positive (0.03%) only for capsule length in non-stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sesame
  • capsule no. plant-1
  • seed yield
  • harvest index
  • general combining ability
  • specific combining ability
  • heterosis

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نهال و بذر
دوره 37، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 191-224

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