بررسی فاکتورهای پرآزاری عامل بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم (. Puccinia triticina Eriks) در ایران طی سال‌های 1400-1396

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران.

4 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران.

5 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مغان، استان اردبیل، ایران.

6 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.

7 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بروجرد، ایران.

8 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران.

9 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کلاردشت، ایران.

چکیده

زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم با عامل .Puccinia triticina Eriks، به‌دلیل تغییرات نژادی و تولید نژادهای جدید باعث شکسته شدن مقاومت ارقام مقاوم به این بیماری می‌شود. برای بررسی این تغییرات و شناسایی فاکتورهای پرآزاری در قارچ عامل بیماری، طی چهار سال زراعی (1396-1400) خزانه‌های تله در هشت منطقه از کشور شامل گرگان، قراخیل، کلاردشت، اردبیل، مغان، بروجرد، اهواز و دزفول کشت شد. در مرحله‌ی باز شدن کامل برگ پرچم و پس از حداکثر آلودگی بیماری بر روی رقم حساس، شدت آلودگی بر اساس روش اصلاح شده‌ی کاب(The Modified Cobb Scale) و همچنین تیپ آلودگی بر اساس روش رولفز و همکاران یادداشت برداری ‌شد. نتایج نشان داد در مناطق مورد مطالعه در طی چهار سال، بر روی ارقام حامل ژن‌های Lr2a، Lr2b، Lr19، Lr34 و ترکیب‌ ژنی Lr10/Lr27+/Lr31 پرآزاری مشاهده نشد و بنابراین ژن‌های مذکور به‌عنوان ژن‌های موثر به بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم در ایران شناسائی و معرفی شدند. برای ارقام حامل سایر ژن‌ها، حداقل در یکی از مناطق مورد بررسی، پرآزاری مشاهده شد که از این میان برای ارقام حامل ژن‌ Lr22a و ژن Lr21 کمترین پرآزاری مشاهده شد. این دو ژن به‌ترتیب موثرترین ژن های مقاومت نسبت به زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم در ایران پس از ژن‌های فوق بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Virulence Factors of Causal Agent of Wheat Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in Iran during 2017-2021

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. T. Dadrezaei 1
  • M. A. Dehghan 2
  • S. A. Safavi 3
  • M. Dalvand 4
  • K. Shahbazi 5
  • N. Tabatabai 6
  • M. Nasrollahi 7
  • E. Nabati 7
  • A. Nazeri 1
  • E. Alah-Hassani 1
  • H. Mofidi 8
  • A. Ahmadpour 8
  • , F. Malekpour 9
  • Z. Hassan Bayat 1
1 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
2 Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
3 Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardebil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardebil, Iran.
4 Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Dezful, Iran.
5 Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardebil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Moghan, Iran.
6 Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization,, Ahvaz, Iran.
7 Plant Protection Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Boroujerd, Iran.
8 Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran.
9 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kelardasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks is one of the most important wheat disease due to its wide distribution and yield loss in the world. Racial variation and emergence of new races leads to break the resistance of resistant wheat cultivars. To study these changes and to identify the virulence of P. triticina Erkis., a research project was carried out by planting trap nurseries in four cropping seasons (2017-2021) in Karaj, Gorgan, Gharakhil, Kalardasht, Ardebil, Moghan, Boroujerd, Ahvaz and Dezful. At flag leaf stage and when maximum disease infection on susceptible check was observed, the disease severity and infection type were scored based on the Modified Cobbs Scale and Rolfes et al. method, respectively. According to the results of this study, during four growing seasons in different locations, no virulence was observed on varieties with Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr19, Lr34 gene(s) and the Lr10/Lr27+/Lr31 gene combination, and these genes were identified as effective for wheat leaf rust disease in Iran. Virulence was observed on varieties carrying other resistance gene(s), at least in one test location, and indicated that the above genes were ineffective in those region. Differential lines carrying Lr22a and Lr21 genes, with resistance reaction in most seasons, were effective genes, following the aforementioned genes, for resistance to wheat leaf rust in Iran, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • wheat brown rust
  • seedling resistance genes
  • adult plant resistance genes
  • infection type

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نهال و بذر
دوره 37، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 149-169

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