خصوصیات رویشی و زودباردهی برخی ارقام تجاری گلابی اروپائی متحمل به بیماری آتشک روی پایه های نیمه پاکوتاه‌کننده پیرودوارف® و OH × F87TM

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوه های معتدله و سرد سیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد، پژوهشکده میوه های معتدله و سرد سیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی خصوصیات رویشی و زودباردهی چند رقم گلابی تجاری و متحمل به بیماری آتشک گلابی روی پایه OH×F87TM و مقایسه این پایه با پایه تجاری شده نیمه‌پاکوتاه پیرودوارف انجام شد. ارقام مورد استفاده شامل لوئیزبون، درگزی و اسپادونا به عنوان سه رقم تجاری گلابی در کشور و دو رقم جدید سوپرالیوت (Super Elliot) و پکهامزتریومف (Packham`s Triumph) بودند که در مدت چهار سال (1396 تا 1399) در شرایط آب و هوائی کرج و با استفاده از پایه‌های کشت بافتی و با کشت نهال دو ساله، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. بلندترین ارتفاع درخت در رقم درگزی روی پایه OH×F87TM و پیرودوارف و همچنین ببیشترین تراکم اسپور با 12 اسپور بر متر در سه ترکیب پیوندی ارقام لوئیزبون و پکهامز روی پایه OH×F87TM و رقم اسپادونا روی پایه پیرودوارف بود. استفاده از نهال دوساله سبب باردهی محدود درختان در همان سال اول شد و شکوفه‌دهی در سال دوم در پایه OH×F87TM با حدود 40 شکوفه در درخت نسبت به پایه پیرودوارف با حدود 5/37 شکوفه در درخت بیشتر بود. بیشترین عملکرد میوه در مجموع سال‌های پژوهش در رقم درگزی و سوپرالیوت دیده شد که رقم اخیر حساسیت بالائی به پسیل گلابی نشان داد. از سوی دیگر رقم اسپادونا که به طور معمول روی پایه پیرودوارف دارای عملکرد میوه پائینی است روی پایه پایه OH×F87TM عملکرد بالاتری داشت. در مجموع پایه OH×F87TM با توجه به رشد کمتر و عملکرد میوه نسبتاً بالاتر در ارقام پیوندی، سبب افزایش شاخص عملکرد میوه به ازای سطح مقطع تنه شد. علاوه بر رقم درگزی، رقم لوئیزیون نیز روی این پایه از شاخص عملکرد به ازای سطح مقطع تنه بالائی برخوردار بود. نتایج نشان داد که پایه OH×F87TM می‌تواند به عنوان یک پایه مناسب و حتی برتر از پیرودوارف در ادامه این پژوهش مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Vegetative Characteristics and Early Bearing of Some Fire Blight Tolerant European Pear Cultivars on Semi-Dwarfing Pyrodwarf® and OH × F87TM Rootstocks

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Abdollahi 1
  • H. Hassani 2
1 Associate Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
2 Researcher, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and early bearing potential of some commercial and fire blight resistant pear cultivars on OH × F87TM rootstock and to compare this rootstock with the commercial semi-dwarf Pyrodwarf rootstock. The pear cultivars were Louise Bonne, Dargazi, Spadona as the three most popular pear cultivars in Iran, and two newly introduced cultivars, Super Elliot and Packham`s Triumph, which have been evaluated under Karaj climatic conditions for four years (2017-20). The rootstocks were micro-propagated from virus free materials and the trees were two year old nursery plants. The tallest tree height was observed in cultivars Dargazi on both OH × F87TM and Pyrodwarf rootstocks and also the highest spur density was 12 spurs per meter in three graft combinations of Louise Bonne and Packhams cultivars on OH × F87TM rootstock and Spadona on Pyrodwarf. The use of two year old trees caused early bearing of trees in the first year after planting, and flowering in the second year on OH × F87TM rootstock with about 40 blossoms per tree, while Pyrodwarf had about 37.5 blossoms per tree. The highest fruit yield research period observed in cv. Dargazi and cv. Super Elliot, however, the latter showed high susceptibility to pear psylla. On the other hand, cv. Spadona which normally has a low fruit yield on Pyrodwarf rootstock, had higher fruit yield on OH × F87TM rootstock. In general, OH × F87TM rootstock, due to lower growth and relatively higher fruit yield had high yield index per trunk cross section in grafted trees, and in addition to cv. Dargazi, Louise Bonne also had high yield index per trunk cross section on this rootstock. The results showed that OH × F87TM rootstock can be considered as suitable, and even superior to Pyrodwarf, for pear cultivars in the continuation of this research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pear
  • clonal rootstocks
  • fruit yield
  • yield efficiency
  • graft combinations

مراجع

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نهال و بذر
دوره 37، شماره 1
فروردین 1400
صفحه 41-62

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