ارزیابی مقاومت به زنگ قهوه‌ای(Puccinia tritici Eriks.) در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای در ژنوتیپ‌های گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه و نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم با عامل Eriks Puccinia triticina ازلحاظ وسعت پراکندگی و میزان خسارت مهمترین بیماری گندم می‌باشد. استفاده از ارقام مقاوم مؤثرترین روش برای کنترل این بیماری می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی مقاومت گیاهچه‌ای 320 ژنوتیپ گندم شامل ارقام اصلاح شد و ژنوتیپ ها بومی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو تکرار با چهار پاتوتیپ زنگ قهوه‌ای در شرایط گلخانه‌ای واحد بیماری‌شناسی غلات موسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج در سال 1399 انجام شد. جهت بررسی مقاومت از دو جزء تیپ آلودگی و دوره نهان استفاده شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ‌ها برای هر دو جزء تفاوت بسیار معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد وجود داشت. در میان ژنوتیپ‌ها، ارقام دهدشت، دنا، کرج 2، خزر 1، سپاهان و پارسی و هفت ژنوتیپ بومی نسبت به تمام پاتوتیپ‌ها در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای مقاوم بودند. همبستگی دو جزء تیپ آلودگی و دوره نهان منفی و معنی‌دار بود. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه در سه گروه حساس، نیمه‌حساس تا نیمه‌مقاوم و مقاوم تا مصون طبقه‌بندی شدند. بیش از 78 درصد از ژنوتیپ‌ها در گروه حساس جای گرفتند. ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم شناسایی‌شده، مخصوصاً ژنوتیپ های بومی، می‌توانند به‌عنوان منابع مقاومت به زنگ قهوه ای در برنامه‌های به نژادی گندم نان استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Resistance to Leaf Rust (Puccinia tritic Eriks.) at Seedling Stage in Wheat Genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Delfan 1
  • M.R. Bihamta 1
  • S. T. Dadrezaei 2
  • A. R. Abbasi 1
  • H. Alipour 3
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is the most widespread and regularly occurring rust on wheat. Genetic resistance is the most economical approach of preventing yield losses due to leaf rust. To evaluate the resistance of 320 wheat genotypes at seedling stage to four leaf rust isolates, an experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with two replications in the greenhouse conditions of the cereal pathology unit of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj, Iran. To evaluate the resistance, two components of infection type and latent period, were used. Analysis of variance showed that there was highly significant differences between the genotypes for each of the two components. Dehdasht, Dena, Karaj-2, Khazar-1, Sepahan and Parsi and seven landraces were resistant to all isolates at seedling stage. The correlation between infection type and the latent period was negative and significant. Cluster analysis classified the genotypes into three clusters: susceptible, moderately susceptible to moderately resistant, and resistant to immune. More than 78 percent of the genotypes were in susceptible cluster. Identified resistant genotypes, especially landraces, can be used as sources of resistance to leaf rust in wheat breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • latent period
  • infection type
  • seedling resistance
  • cluster analysis

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نهال و بذر
دوره 36، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 483-508

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