اثر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه ارقام کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) در منطقه معتدل سرد استان کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران.

3 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی کمیت و کیفیت علوفه چهار رقم کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) تحت تاثیر تاریخ کشت و تراکم بوته آزمایشی به ‌صورت اسپیلت ‌‎فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جوپارکرمان در دو سال 1397 و 1398 انجام شد. در این پژوهش تاریخ کشت‌های دوم مرداد، 17 مرداد و اول شهریور در کرت های اصلی و فاکتوریل دو تراکم کشت 6/16 و 3/33 بوته در مترمربع و چهار رقم Titicaca ، Giza1، Q12 وQ18 به صورت تصادفی در کرت های فرعی قرارگرفتند. نتایج نشان داد رقم Q12 به ترتیب با تولید 4/37 و 62/7 تن در هکتار علوفه تر و خشک بیشترین عملکرد و رقم Giza1 به ترتیب با تولید 9/24 و 39/6 تن در هکتار علوفه تر و خشک کمترین عملکرد را داشت. مقایسه میانگین های تاریخ‌های مختلف کاشت نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت 17 مرداد به ترتیب با 9/35 و 76/7 تن در هکتار علوفه تر و خشک بیشترین عملکرد را داشت. نتایج کیفیت علوفه نشان داد که رقم Q12 با 68/18 درصد پروتیئین خام نسبت به سایر ارقام برتری معنی‌داری داشت. کمترین مقدار فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (24/34 درصد) و فیبر نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (76/17 درصد) به رقم Giza1 تعلق داشت. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش کشت رقم Q12 در تاریخ کاشت 17 مرداد با تراکم 3/33 بوته در مترمربع برای کشت دوم منطقه جوپارکرمان با اقلیم معتدل سرد توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Planting Date and Plant Density on Forage Yield and Quality of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) Varieties in Cold Temperate Region of Kerman Province in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Najafinezhad 1
  • P. Shakeri 2
  • M. Amirpour Robat 3
1 Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran.
2 Animal Sciences Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran.
3 Soil and Water Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of planting date and plant density on forage yield and quality of four forage quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) varieties, a field experiment was carried out in 2018 and 2019 at the Jupar agricultural and natural resources research station, Kerman, Iran. The experimental design was split factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental treatments consisted of; planting dates at three levels (24 July, 08 August and 23 August) assigned to main plots, and factorial of four varieties (Giza1, Titicaca, Q12 and Q18) and plant density at two levels (16.6 and 33.3 plant m-2) were randomized in sub plots. The results showed that var. Q12 had the highest forage yield with 37.4 and 7.62 t ha-1 of fresh and dry forage, respectively, and var. Giza1 with 24.9 t ha-1 of fresh forage and 6.39 t ha-1 of dry forage had the lowest forage yield. Planting date on 08 August had the highest forage yield with an average of 35.9 and 7.76 t ha-1 of fresh and dry forage, respectively. Quality analyses showed that var. Q12 with 18.68% crude protein in forage had significant advantage over other varieties. The lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acidic detergent fiber (ADF) contents belonged to var. Giza1. Based on the results of this study, var. Q12 can be grown on 08 August with plant density of 33.3 plant m-2 as second crop in Jupar region, with cold temperate climate, in Kerman province in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Quinoa
  • temperature
  • dry forage
  • crude protein
  • nutritional value
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