ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی در اکوتیپ‌های وحشی شنبلیله (.Trigonella monantha C. A. Mey) بر اساس صفات مورفولوژیکی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، پروه باغبانی و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران.

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار، پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج،، ایران.

4 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران..

5 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی برای صفات مورفولوژیکی و نیز تعیین ارتباط بین عملکرد دانه و اجزای آن در 40 اکوتیپ وحشی شنبلیله (Trigonella monantha C. A. Mey.) جمع‌آوری شده از نقاط مختلف کشور،‌ موجود در بانک ژن گیاهی ملی ایران، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از تفاوت معنی‏ دار اکوتیپ‏ ها از نظر کلیه صفات کمی در سطح احتمال یک درصد بود. مقایسه میانگین‏ ها نشان داد اکوتیپ شماره 1 (لرستان- ازنا 1) از لحاظ تعداد ساقه فرعی در گیاه، تعداد برگ تا اولین گل، تعداد برگ در گیاه، وزن 100 دانه، طول دمبرگچه، عرض برگچه و عملکرد تک بوته نسبت به سایر اکوتیپ‏ ها برتری داشت. ضرایب همبستگی بین صفات کمی نیز نشان داد که تعداد ساقه فرعی، تعداد برگ در گیاه، وزن 100دانه، تعداد نیام در گیاه، طول دمبرگچه، طول دانه و عرض دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی‏ داری با عملکرد دانه در گیاه داشتند. ضریب تنوع شانون برای صفات کیفی نیز تنوع بالایی را برای شکل نیام، رنگ دانه، تزئینات سطح دانه و وضعیت پراکندگی نیام نشان داد. تجزیه رگرسیون گام به گام حضور معنی‏ دار وزن 100 دانه، تعداد نیام در گیاه، طول دمبرگچه و طول نیام در مدل را نشان داد. تجزیه به عامل‏ ها با استفاده از تجزیه به مؤلفه‏ های اصلی قادر به استخراج نه عامل بود که این عامل‏ ها مجموعأ 75/66درصد از واریانس کل را توضیح دادند. بر اساس تجزیه خوش ه‏ای برای صفات کمی و کیفی اکوتیپ‏ ها به ترتیب در چهار و پنج گروه متفاوت قرارگرفتند. این اکوتیپ‏ های وحشی شنبلیله از نظر صفات مورد مطالعه تنوع بالایی داشتند که می‏توانددر تحقیقات به نژادی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic Diversity in Wild Ecotypes of Fenugreek (Trigonella monantha C. A. Mey.) Based on Morphological Traits

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Esamaeilinejad Hasaroeih 1
  • F. Ghanavati 2
  • F. Moradi 3
  • J. Abbasi Kohpalkani 4
  • M. Rahimizadeh 5
1 1. Ph. D. Student, Department of Horticulture and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 3. Assistant Professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
4 4. Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Karaj, Iran.
5 5. Assistant Professor, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To investigate genetic diversity using morphological traits and to determine the relationship between seed yield and its components, 40 Trigonella monantha ecotypes collected from different areas in Iran and are preserved in the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran were evaluated. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.01) among ecotypes for all the evaluated traits. Mean comparisons revealed that ecotype No. 1 (Lorestan- Azna1) was superior than the others for seed yield plant-1, sub branch number plant-1, number of leaves to the first flower, number of leaves plant-1, 100-seed weight, petiole length, and leaflet width. There was significant and positive correlation between seed yield and number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, 100-seed weight, and number of pods plant-1, petiole length, seed length, and seed width. Shannon index showed that pod shape, seed color, seed surface ornaments, pod distribution in the plant had high variability. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that 100-seed weight, number of pod plant-1, petiole length and pod length had significant effects on the seed yield. Factor analysis using principle components method could extract nine factors that in total explained 75.66% of the total variance. Cluster analysis for quantitative and qualitative traits classified the ecotypes into four and five different groups, respectively. In conclusion, there is high genetic diversity in the wild ecotypes of T. monantha for the morphological traits which can be used in fenugreek breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fenugreek
  • quantitative traits
  • qualitative traits
  • leaf number plant-1
  • 100 seed weight

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نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 211-239

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