ویژگی‏ های پومولوژیکی و عملکرد میوه برخی از ژنوتیپ‏ های بومی زیتون ایلام در شرایط محیطی سرپل‏ ذهاب

نویسندگان

بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

ایلام یکی از منابع غنی ژرم‏ پلاسم زیتون در ایران است. شناسایی و بررسی سازگاری ژنوتیپ‏ های بومی در راستای توسعه کشت زیتون در کشور از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. این پژوهش با 15 ژنوتیپ بومی زیتون جمع‏ آوری شده از استان ایلام در مقایسه با رقم شاهد آمفی‏ سیس در قالب طرح بلوک‏ های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات زیتون دالاهو سرپل‏ ذهاب به منظور بررسی خصوصیات پومولوژیکی و عملکرد در سال‏های 1394 تا 1397 اجرا شد. مقایسه میانگین‏ ها نشان داد که ژنوتیپ‏ های زیتون برای خصوصیات پومولوژیکی مانند وزن میوه، وزن هسته، وزن گوشت، نسبت گوشت به هسته، طول و قطر میوه و هسته تفاوت معنی‏ دار در سطح احتمال پنج درصد داشتند. وزن میوه ژنوتیپ‏ ها از 3/28 تا 7/92 گرم متغیر بود. عملکرد میوه در بین ژنوتیپ‏ ها متفاوت بود، به‏ طوری‏که ژنوتیپ‏ های BSCH2، BSCH3، SKE7، SKE8، BSCH1، DZ4 و SBM5 عملکرد بالاتری را داشتند. تفاوت درصد روغن در ماده خشک در بین ژنوتیپ‏ ها در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی‏ دار بود و ژنوتیپ‏ هایNS3، SBM2، SBM1، SKE7، DZ4، PG3 و NS4 با بیش از 30 درصد و کمتر از 40 درصد روغن در ماده خشک جزو گروه کم روغن قرار گرفتند. به‏ طورکلی نتایج نشان داد ژنوتیپ‏ های BSCH2، BSCH3، SKE7، SKE8، BSCH1، DZ4 و SBM5 با داشتن عملکرد بالا در سن هشت الی نه سالگی درخت می‏توانند به عنوان ژنوتیپ‏ های برتر جهت استفاده در برنامه توسعه کاشت زیتون و همچنین معرفی ارقام جدید استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Pomological Characteristics and Fruit Yield of Some of Ilam Native Olive Genotypes Under Sarpol-e-Zahab Environmental Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • I. Arji
  • R. Gholami
  • M. Najafi
Associate Professor, Field and Horticultural Crops Sciences Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Ilam is one of the rich olive germplasm resources in Iran. Identification and study of adaptation of native olive genotypes is of great importance for establishment of olive orchards. This research was carried out on 15 olive genotypes collected from Ilam province to evaluate pomological and fruit yield in comparison with cv. Amphissis as check cultivar from 2015 till 2018 at Sarpole-e-Zehab Olive Research Station, Sarpol-e-Zahab, Iran. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. The results showed that pomological traits such as fruit, pit and flesh weight, flesh: pit ratio, fruit and pit dimensions were significantly different among genotypes. Fruit weight varied from 3.28 to 7.92 grams among olive genotypes. Fruit yield also differed among genotypes, BSCH2, BSCH3, SKE7, SKE8, BSCH1, DZ4 and SBM5 had higher fruit yield. Oil content in dry matter was significantly different among genotypes. Oil content in dry matter of NS3, SBM2, SBM1, SKE7, DZ4, PG3 and NS4 genotypes varied from 30-40%, and categorized as low oil olive genotypes. In general, results showed that BSCH2, BSCH3, SKE7, SKE8, BSCH1, DZ4 and SBM5 genotypes performed as promising genotypes with higher fruit yield at eight to nine years old trees and can be used for being released as new cultivars as well as establishing of new olive orchards.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Olive
  • adaptation
  • fruit characteristics
  • fruit yield
  • oil content

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نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 153-170

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