ارزیابی خصوصیات رویشی و پومولوژیک و عملکرد میوه برخی از ارقام گلابی آسیایی در شرایط اقلیمی ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

2 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

گلابی آسیایی (Rehd. Pyrus serotina) از نظر شکل، اندازه، رنگ، طعم، بافت و زمان رسیدن با گلابی اروپایی (Pyrus communis L.) تفاوت دارد. این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی رشد و عملکرد هشت رقم گلابی آسیایی شامل KS6، KS7، KS8، KS9، KS10، KS12، KS13 و KS14 همراه با دو رقم شاهد شاه‌میوه و اسپادونا طی هشت سال باغی (1387 تا 1394) در شرایط اقلیمی ارومیه انجام شد. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که ارقام گلابی از نظر صفات رویشی رشد سالانه شاخساره‌ها، ارتفاع درخت، قطر تنه و عرض گسترش تاج درخت و طول، عرض، وزن، سفتی بافت، اسید قابل تیتر کل، مواد جامد محلول کل و pH میوه، تعداد میوه در درخت، عملکرد میوه درخت و شاخص عملکرد بر سطح مقطع عرضی تنه تفاوت معنی‌دار (01/0 > p) وجود داشت. کمترین رشد رویشی برای رقم KS14 مشاهده شد. ارقام گلابی آسیایی نسبت به ارقام شاهد (گلابی اروپایی) از وزن میوه و مواد جامد محلول کل کمتر داشتند ولی از سفتی بافت میوه، تعداد میوه، عملکرد و شاخص عملکرد بر سطح مقطع عرضی تنه بیشتری برخوردار بودند. رقم شاهد شاه‌میوه با 37/3 کیلوگرم و رقم KS13 با 06/10 کیلوگرم میوه در درخت به ترتیب دارای کمترین و بیشترین میانگین عملکرد میوه در سه سال آخر بودند. بیشترین شاخص عملکرد بر سطح مقطع عرضی تنه مربوط به رقم KS13 بود. در میان ارقام گلابی آسیایی می‌توانKS7 وKS10 را بعنوان ارقام زودرس وKS13 ،KS14 را بعنوان ارقام متوسط‌رس با عملکرد میوه و بازارپسندی بهتر، جهت کشت در ارومیه و مناطق دارای شرایط اقلیمی مشابه توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Vegeteative and Pomological Characteristics and Fruit Yield of Some Asian Pear Cultivars under Urmia Climatic Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mashhid Henareh 1
  • Ghasem Hasani 2
1 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Asian pears (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) are different from European pears in shape, size, color, flavor, texture and ripening time of fruit. This research was conducted to study growth and fruit yield of eight Asian pear cultivars; KS6, KS7, KS8, KS9, KS10, KS12, KS13 and KS14 as well as cv. Shah Miveh and cv. Spadona as control cultivars in Kahriz field station, Urmia, Iran, from 2008 to 2015. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P≤0.01) among cultivars for vegetative characteristics including annual growth, tree height, trunk diameter and tree canopy, and fruit attributes; fruit length, diameter, weight, firmness, TSS, pH and TA, fruits number per tree, fruit yield per tree, and fruit yield per unit trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) index. The lowest vegetative growth was observed in KS14 cultivar. Asian cultivars had fruit weight and TSS less, and fruit firmness, fruit number per tree, fruit yield per tree and fruit yield per unit trunk cross-sectional area greater than control cultivars. Cv. Shah Miveh with 3.73 kg and KS13 with 10.06 kg had the lowest and the highest mean fruit yield per tree for last three years. The highest yield per unit trunk cross-sectional area index was observed in KS13. Among Asian pear cultivars; KS7, KS10, as early ripening, and KS13, KS13, as medium ripening with high fruit yield and marketability can be recommened for being grown in Urmia and other regions with similar climatic conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Asian pear
  • tree height
  • trunk diameter
  • fruit quality
  • fruit yield index

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نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 73-94

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