ارزیابی خصوصیات فنولوژیکی، پومولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی ژنوتیپ امید بخش گیلاس مشهد- 84 و شناسایی بهترین رقم گرده دهنده در شرایط خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران.

3 کارشناس، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

گیلاس یکی از مهمترین میوه‌های مناطق معتدله به شمار می‌رود. به دلیل کوتاه بودن دوره رشد و نمو میوه، معرفی ارقام جدید و زودرس از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در ایران گزینش به عنوان یکی از روش‌های به‌نژادی درختان میوه در جهت دستیابی به ارقام جدید مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ژنوتیپ امیدبخش مشهد- 84 با ارقام عدلی، بلامارکا، پیش‌رس، سیاه قزوین، سیاه مشهد و شناسائی بهترین رقم گرده‌دهنده برای این ژنوتیپ در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گلمکان در سال باغی 96-1395 انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی گرده‌افشانی نشان داد که ژنوتیپ مشهد- 84 خودناسازگار است و ارقام دوم‌رس، استلا و حاج یوسفی به عنوان گرده‌دهنده مناسب و سازگار شناسایی شدند. گلدهی این ژنوتیپ در 19 فروردین آغاز شد و تمام گل آن در 22 فرورین بود. نتایج زمان رسیدن نشان داد که بین ارقام تنوع زیادی وجود داشت. میانگین وزن میوه در ژنوتیپ امیدبخش مشهد- 84 (06/6 گرم) و در مقایسه با رقم عدلی (9/4 گرم)، سیاه قزوین (06/4 گرم)، پیش‌رس (04/4 گرم) و بلامارکا (05/3 گرم) بیشتر بود. با توجه به این که ارقام پیش‌رس بدلیل فصل رشد کوتاه معمولاً دارای میوه‌های کوچک‌تر هستند، بنابراین میانگین وزن میوه بیشتر ژنوتیپ مشهد- 84 یکی از مزایای آن است که منجر به افزایش ارزش اقتصادی و بازارپسندی بیشتر این ژنوتیپ خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Phenological, Pomological and Morphological Characteristics of Mashhad-84 Promising Sweet Cherry Genotype and Identification of Suitable Pollinizer Under Khorasan Razavi Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • EBRAHIM GANJI MOGHADDAM 1
  • A. Jalali 2
  • A. Irvani 3
  • S. Bina 3
1 Associate Professor, Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran.
2 . Ph. D. Student, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.
3 Expert, Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran. ABSTRACT
چکیده [English]

Sweet cherry is one the important fruits in temperate region. Short duration of fruit production necessitates development and release of new early maturity sweet cherry cultivars. Selection in germplasm for new cultivars is practiced in fruit trees breeding programs. This research was carried out to evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics of five cherry cultivars: Adli, Belmarca, Pish Ras, Siah Mashhad, Siah Qazvin and Mashhad-84 promissing genotype, in Golmakan agricultural research station, Mashhad, Iran, in 2017-2018. The results of pollination showed that Mashhad- 84 promissing genotype is self- incpmpatible and cv. Dovomras, Stella and Haji Yousefi were identified as suitable pollinizers for it. Flowering in Mashhad-84 promissing genotype began on April 8 and full bloom completed in April 12. The duration of fruit ripening varied greatly aomong genotypes. Average fruit weight of Mashhad-84 promising genotype was 6.06 grams which was greater than average fruit weight of Adli (4.06 g), Pish Ras (4.04 g), and Belmarca (3.05 g). Early maturity cultivars usually have smaller fruit size, therefore, higher average fruit weight of Mashhad- 84 promising genotype is one of its advantage which will enhance its economic value and marketability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Pomological
  • self- incompatible
  • cross-incompatible
  • fruit weight
  • early ripening

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نهال و بذر
دوره 34، شماره 4
بهمن 1397
صفحه 471-487

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