ارزیابی خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی برخی از ارقام وارداتی گلابی اروپائی (Pyrus communis L.) با استفاده از نشانگرهای مورفولوژیکی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ابهر، ابهر، ایران.

چکیده

در این پژوهش صفات مورفولوژیک رویشی و زایشی موثر در تمایز ارقام، تغیرات سبزینگی برگ و صفات بیوشیمیائی مرتبط با کیفیت میوه و خوشه‌های اسکلرئیدی آن در 15 رقم وارداتی گلابی ارزیابی شد. صفات مورفولوژیک بر اساس 68 صفت توصیفگر ملی آزمون‌های تمایز و تغییرات سبزینگی در طول دوره رشد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ارزیابی مورفولوژیک، بیانگر وجود صفات متمایزکننده در خصوصیات عمومی درخت و شاخه، برگ، شکوفه و میوه بود، به صورتی که در بین صفات متمایزکننده، صفت رنگ شاخه، نسبت طول به عرض برگ، موقعیت حاشیه گلبرگ‌ها در شکوفه، نسبت طول به قطر میوه، موقعیت بیش‌ترین قطر میوه، رنگ میوه و خصوصیات دم‌میوه بسیارمتمایزکننده بودند. همچنین در صفت ستاره‌دار نسبت طول به عرض برگ، ارزیابی کمی بیانگر محدوده‌های کم‌تر از 4/1، 4/1 تا 5/1، 5/1 تا 6/1، 6/1 تا 7/1 و بالاتر از 7/1 به‌ترتیب در برگ‌های بسیار عریض تا بسیارباریک بود. در صفت ستاره‌دار نسبت طول به قطر میوه نیز، محدوده‌های کم‌تر از یک، یک تا 2/1، 2/1 تا 4/1، 4/1 تا 6/1 و بالای 6/1 بیانگر میوه‌های بسیار پهن تا بسیار باریک بود. کمی‌سازی صفات نشان‌دهنده انطباق اغلب این صفات با ارقام شاهد توصیفگر گلابی اتحادیه بین‌المللی محافظت از ارقام گیاهی بوده و در برخی از صفات نظیر زمان گلدهی، پایداری کم‌تری مشاهده شد. تغییرات کلروفیل برگ طی فصل رشد در همه ارقام در طی فصل بهار تا ابتدای تابستان روند افزایشی و سپس در انتهای فصل رشد روند کاهشی داشت و در این بین، بالاترین شاخص‌ سبزینگی به میزان بالای 20، در ارقام آلورت، بوره‌دیل و دوین‌دوکومیس دیده شد. بر اساس ارزیابی‌های انجام گرفته سه رقم پکهامزتریومف، دوین‌دوکومیس و بلغارشماره-2 به عنوان ارقام برتر گزینش شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics of Some Introductions of European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Cultivars Using Morphological Markers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Abdollahi 1
  • F. Tahzibi Hagh 2
1 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Former M. Sc. Student, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this research, morphological, leaf chlorophyll and its variations, biochemical traits related to the fruit quality and sclereid cell cluster characteristics were evaluated in 15 introductions of European pear cultivars. Morphological characteristics based on 68 traits of the national descriptors for distinctness, uniformity and stability as well as chlorophyll were evaluated during growing period. Morphological evaluation revealed distinctness in tree, branch, leaf, flower and fruit traits. Among the evaluated traits, color of branches, length : width ratio of leaf, position of petal margins, length : diameter ratio, position of largest diameter and color of fruit skin, and the characteristics of fruit stalk were highly distinctive. Length : width ratio of leaf, ranged from <1.4, 1.4-1.5, 1.5-1.6, 1.6-1.7 and >1.7 in very narrow to very broad leaves. For length : diameter ratio of fruits ranged from <1.0, 1.0-1.2, 1.2-1.4, 1.4-1.6 and >1.6 indicated extremely wide to extremely narrow fruits. In addition, quantitative traits showed that these traits were mostly consistent with the control cultivars of the UPOV descriptor, however, low stability was observed in some traits such as blooming time. Leaf chlorophyll content changes showed varied patterns, but mostly increased in the beginning of summer and decreased toward leaf fall. Meanwhile, the highest chlorophyll indices were found in Alvert, Beurre Diel and Doyenne du Comice cultivars. Based on the results of this study, Packhams Triumph, Doyenne du Comice and Bulghar No. 2 were identified as superior cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pear
  • sclereid
  • chlorophyll index
  • distinctness tests
  • national descriptor
  • fruit quality

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نهال و بذر
دوره 34، شماره 4
بهمن 1397
صفحه 395-421

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