واکنش برخی ژنوتیپ‌های محلی و اصلاح‏شده کنجد به عوامل بوته‌میری در شرایط مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

اصلاح کنجد برای ایجاد مقاومت به عوامل بوته‌میری، یکی از اهداف مهم در برنامه به‌نژادی این محصول محسوب می‌شود. از آنجایی‌که مهم‌ترین عوامل ایجادکننده بوته‌میری قارچ‌های خاکزی هستند، بهترین راه برای کنترل این بیماری، استفاده از ارقام مقاوم است. قارچ‌های Macrophomina phaseolina (عامل بیماری پوسیدگی زغالی) و Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (عامل پوسیدگی ریشه، طوقه و ساقه کنجد)، مهم‌ترین عوامل بوته‌میری کنجد در کشور هستند. در این تحقیق به‌منظور غربال ژرم‌پلاسم کنجد به عوامل بوته‌میری، 81 ژنوتیپ بومی و اصلاح شده در مزرعه‌ای که با بقایای بوته‌های بیمار آلوده شده بود، کاشته شدند. آزمایش در قالب طرح لاتیس ساده با دو تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج در سال‌های زراعی 83-1381 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که چهار ژنوتیپ‌ مغان 17، مغان 19، مغان 3 و عراقی 2 دارای بیشترین سطوح مقاومت به بیماری بوته‌میری در شرایط مزرعه بودند. تعداد شانزده ژنوتیپ به عنوان نیمه مقاوم، پانزده ژنوتیپ به عنوان نیمه حساس و بقیه به عنوان حساس یا خیلی حساس گروه‌بندی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of some Native and Improved Genotypes of Sesame to Damping off Agents under Field Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Sadeghi Garmaroodi 1
  • S. Mansori 2
  • M. Soltani NajafAbadi 2
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Breeding for resistance to damping off is one of the main aims in sesame breeding scheme. Since the most important causal agents of damping off are soil- borne fungi, using resistant cultivars is the best strategy to control this disease. The fungi, Macrophomina phaseolina (causing charcoal rot) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami causing root (causing crown and stem rot of sesame) are the most important causal agents of damping off in sesame in Iran. In this research for screening of sesame germplasm to damping off agents, 81 native and improved genotypes of sesame were cultivated in a farm infested by infected plant debris. The experiment was conducted as simple lattice with two replications during 2002-2004 growing seasons at the Research Farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. The results showed that four genotypes of Moghan 17, Moghan 19, Moghan 3 and Iraqi 2 had the highest level of resistance to damping off in field condition. Sixteen genotypes grouped as moderately resistant, 15 genotypes as moderately susceptible and the rest grouped as susceptible or highly susceptible ones.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sesame
  • Fusarium oxysporum
  • Macrophomina phaseolina
  • charcoal rot
  • stem and crown rot
  • resistance
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