ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی و ارتباط آن با عوامل جغرافیایی در جمعیت‌های گندم دیپلوئید وحشی (Triticum boeoticum) بر اساس خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

در این تحقیق، تنوع ژنتیکی نود ژنوتیپ متعلق به دوازده گندم دیپلوئید (Triticum boeoticum) جمع‌آوری شده از غرب و شمال غرب ایران در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. هر کرت آزمایشی دارای یک خط کاشت به طول نیم متر و عرض بیست سانتی‌متر بود. تعداد پانزده صفت زراعی و مورفولوژیکی در طول فصل زراعی ارزیابی شد. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات، بین ژنوتیپ‌های موردمطالعه از نظر کلیه صفات اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال 1% وجود داشت. عملکرد دانه با کلیه صفات به جز شاخص برداشت همبستگی معنی‌داری داشت و بیشترین همبستگی آن با صفات بیوماس، تعداد پنجه بارور و تعداد کل پنجه مشاهده شد. رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد که تعداد پنجه‌های بارور، طول برگ، عرض برگ و وزن دانه در سنبله اصلی بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم را روی عملکرد دانه در بوته داشتند. تجزیه به عامل‌ها، سه عامل سنبله اصلی و برگ، عملکرد و اجزای آن و عامل رسیدگی را مشخص کرد که در مجموع 38/77 درصد از تغییرات را توجیه ‌کردند. همبستگی کانونیک عرض جغرافیایی را به‌عنوان تأثیرگذارترین عامل جغرافیایی و صفات عرض برگ، طول برگ، طول سنبله و تعداد سنبلچه را به‌عنوان صفاتی که بیشتر تحت تأثیر عوامل جغرافیایی هستند معرفی کرد. به‌طورکلی تنوع بالایی از نظر صفات مطالعه‌شده در ژنوتیپ‌های مورد‌بررسی مشاهده شد و استان‌های کردستان، آذربایجان غربی و کرمانشاه به‌عنوان نواحی متنوع جغرافیایی شناخته شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Its Relationship with Geographical Factors in Populations of Wild Diploid Wheat (Triticum boeoticum) Based on Morphological Characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • P. Andaz 1
  • M. Moghaddam 2
  • S. S. Alavikia 1
  • M. Valizadeh4 1
  • M. Valizadeh 1
  • M. Tabrizivand Taheri 1
1 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study, the genetic diversity of 90 accessions from 12 populations of Triticum boeoticum was evaluated using randomized complete block design with two replications. These populations were collected from the Western and Northwestern of Iran. Each experimental unit was 0.5 m long and consisted of one row spaced 20 cm apart. During the growing season, 15 agro-morphological traits were evaluated. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the accessions at 1% level of probability. Grain yield had a significant correlation with all of the traits except harvest index. The highest correlation of grain yield was observed with biomass and number of fertile and total tillers. Multiple regression showed that the number of fertile tillers, leaf length, leaf width and grain weight in the main spike had the highest direct effect on the grain yield. Factor analysis resulted in three factors that explained 77.38% of the total variance. Factors were named as 1) main spike and leaf, 2) yield and its components and 3) phenological characters. Canonical correlation indicated the latitude as the most effective geographical factor and leaf width, length of main spike, leaf length and number of spikelets were mostly affected by the geographical factors. Overall, a high diversity was observed for all of the studied traits in the surveyed accessions. Kordestan, West Azarbayjan and Kermanshah provinces were recognized as the diverse geographical regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • path analysis
  • canonical correlation
  • Grain yield
  • latitude

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نهال و بذر
دوره 33، شماره 4
اسفند 1396
صفحه 511-533

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