واکنش تعدادی از ژنوتیپ‌های نخود نسبت به نژادهای قارچAscochyta rabiei عامل بیماری سوختگی آسکوکیتایی (Ascochyta blight) در گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین، ایران

2 استاد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین- پیشوا، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، ورامین، ایران

چکیده

بیماری سوختگی اسکوکیتایی در اثر قارچ Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.، مهم‌ترین بیماری نخود معمولی در دنیا و ایران است. آگاهی از نژادهای عامل بیماری در هر منطقه برای دستیابی به ارقام مقاوم ضروری است. در این تحقیق نژادهای فیزیولوژیک 28جدایه A. rabiei که در سال‌های 1392و1393 از پنج ناحیه استان کرمانشاه جمع‌آوری و خالص‌سازی شده بودند، با استفاده از هفت رقم افتراقی نخود بررسی و در نهایت در شش نژاد فیزیولوژیک گروه‌بندی شد. هفت جدایه (25%) متعلق به نژاد 1، پنج جدایه (8/17%) متعلق به نژاد 2، هفت جدایه (25%) متعلق به نژاد 3، چهار جدایه (4/14%) متعلق به نژاد 4، دو جدایه (2/7%) متعلق به نژاد 5 و سه جدایه (6/10%) متعلق به نژاد 6 بودند. نژادهای1،2،3و4 با 23جدایه (1/82%) در تمامی نواحی استان پراکنده بودند، در حالی که نژاد6 با قدرت بیماریزایی بالا فقط در سرارود مشاهده ‌شد. برای ارزیابی مقاومت در گلخانه، 48 ژنوتیپ نخود شامل ارقام متداول کشت، لاین‌های پیشرفته برنامه به‌نژادی و توده‌های بومی با اسپورهای شش نژاد قارچ مایه‌زنی شدند، یادداشت برداری از تیپ آلودگی و واکنش ژنوتیپ‌ها دوازده روز بعد از مایه‌زنی با الگوی 9-1 انجام شد. براساس نتایج، بیشتر ارقام یا ژنوتیپ‌ها نسبت به نژادهای عامل بیماری حساس بودند. ارقام عادل و آزاد که طی چند سال اخیر توسط موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم معرفی شده‌اند در مقابل نژاد 6 نیمه مقاوم ولی نسبت به بقیه نژادها مقاوم بودند. بقیه ژنوتیپ‌ها نسبت به این نژاد حساس یا خیلی حساس بودند. با توجه به جمعیت و پراکنش بالای نژادهای 1،2،3و4 در استان کرمانشاه می‌توان علاوه بر ارقام عادل وآزاد، لاین‌های Flip51-87-3C، 3274 ILC-و LMR-165 که نسبت به این نژادها مقاوم یا نیمه مقاوم بودند را هم به عنوان منابع مقاومت مطلوب برای منطقه توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of some Chickpea Genotypes to Races of Ascochyta rabiei Cause of Ascochyta Blight in Greenhouse

نویسندگان [English]

  • D. Shahriari 1
  • M. Torabi 2
  • S. Kangarloo 1
1 Plant Protection Research Department, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Centers, AREEO, Varamin, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Varamin- Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. is an important disease of chickpea in Iran and worldwide. Information about the races of the pathogen in different areas is necessary for improvement of resistant cultivars. In the present study physiologic races of 28 isolates of A. rabiei collected from five areas of Kermanshah province of Iran during 2013 and 2014, were determined using seven chickpea standard differential cultivars. Six different races were identified. Race 1 with seven isolates(25%), race 2 with five isolates (17.8%), race 3 with seven isolates (25%), race 4 with four isolates( 14.4%), race 5 with two isolates (7.2%) and race 6 with three isolates (10.6%) were the prevatent races in Kermanshah province. Races 1, 2, 3 and 4 with 23 isolates (82.1%) were distributed all over areas of the province, while race 6, the highly virulent isolate, was detected only in a restricted area in Sararood. Response of 48 genotypes of including improved cultivars, advanced chickpea lines and landraces were evaluated against the six identified races in greenhouse. The results showed that most of the genotypes were susceptible or highly susceptible to different races. Recently released cultivars, Adel and Azad, were moderately resistant to the highly virulent race 6 and resistant to the other races. The remaining genotypes were susceptible or highly susceptible to this race. Based on the results of this study, in addition to Adel and Azad cultivars, lines Flio 51-87-3c, ILC-3274 and LMR-165 which were resistant or moderately resistant to the most prevalent races 1, 2, 3 and 4, can be also recommended as resistant sources for the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chickpea
  • cultivars and lines
  • ascochyta blight
  • races
  • resistance
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