ارزیابی ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی برخی ژنوتیپ‌های گردو در استان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 به ترتیب دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد ، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ترتیب مدرس، تهران

2 استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ترتیب مدرس، تهران

چکیده

ایران به عنوان یکی از مراکز اصلی تنوع و کشت گردو در دنیا شناخته شده است که این تنوع می‌تواند در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. یکی از روش‌های به‌نژادی در این زمینه، شناسایی و گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش گردو است، به همین منظور پژوهشی در سال‌های 1392 تا 1394 در دو منطقه از استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. در این پژوهش برخی صفات فنولوژیکی و پومولوژیکی 59 ژنوتیپ بر اساس توصیف‌نامه‌های UPOV و IBPGR اندازه‌گیری شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه میانگین وزن دانه، وزن مغز و درصد مغز به ترتیب 35/22 – 31/9 گرم، 20/11 – 34/4 گرم و 29/68 – 91/36 درصد بود. بیشترین درصد مغز (28/68) متعلق به ژنوتیپ Kh86 بود. ژنوتیپ Kh65 بیشترین وزن دانه (35/22 گرم) و وزن مغز (20/11 گرم) را داشت. ژنوتیپ Kh110 به ترتیب با 25 و 21 روز تأخیر در برگ‌دهی نسبت به استاندارد مرجع در سال اول و دوم، دیربرگده‌ترین ژنوتیپ ارزیابی شد. ژنوتیپ‌های Kh128 و Ks33 بیشترین درصد هموگامی (100%) را داشتند. تجزیه خوشه‌ای، 59 ژنوتیپ مورد بررسی را در پنج خوشه گروه‌بندی کرد. در نهایت ژنوتیپ‌های Kh86، Kh70، Kh69، Kh65، Ks42، Kh87، Ks39، Ks35، Kh88، Kh110، Kh127، Kh128، Kh134، Kh146، Kh149، Kh150، Kh153 و Ks29 که از نظر خصوصیات میوه و مغز برتر بودند، به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش شناسائی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of some Walnut Genotypes in Kermanshah Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Shafaei 1
  • K. Arzani 2
1 Former MSc. Student , respectively, Department of Horticultiral Science, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, respectively, Department of Horticultiral Science, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Iran is known as one of the main centers of diversity and cultivation of walnut in the world. This diversity can be considered in breeding programs. In a walnut breeding program, identification and selection of superior genotypes is an important task. This research was conducted to identify superior genotypes within the walnut populations grown in some parts of Kermanshah province during 2013-2015. Some phenological and pomological traits of 59 walnut genotypes were evaluated according to UPOV and IBPGR descriptors. Based on the obtained results, the average nut weight, kernel weight and kernel percentage were 9.31-22.35g, 4.34-11.20g and 36.91-68.29%, respectively. The highest kernel percentage (68.28) belonged to genotype Kh86. Genotype Kh65 had the highest nut weight (22.35g) and kernel weight (11.20g). Genotype Kh110 with 25 days delay in leafing in compare to the reference standard, was considered as a late leafing genotype. Genotypes Ks33 and Kh128 showed the highest percentage of homogamy (100%). The 59 studied genotypes were classified in to five clusters by cluster analysis. Finally, genotypes Kh153, Kh150, Kh149, Kh146, Kh134, Kh128, Kh127, Kh110, Kh88, Kh87, Kh86, Kh70, Kh69 Kh65, Ks42, Ks39, Ks35 and Ks29, that had better characteristics of nut and kernel, were recognized as promising genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • walnut
  • promising genotypes
  • pomological traits
  • phonological traits
  • cluster analysis

مراجع

Akca, Y. 2009. Walnut. Anit Publications, Ankara, Turkey.
 
Akca, Y., Bilgen, Y., and Ercisli, S. 2015. Selection of superior persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) from seedling origin in Turkey. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus 14(3): 103-114.
 
Akca, Y., Keskin, S., and Clep, C. 2001. A study on the selection of superior walnut types with lateral bud fruitfulness and maximum of nut per cluster. Acta Horticulturae 544: 125-128.
 
Akca, Y., and Ozongun, S. 2004. Selection of late leafing, late flowering, laterally fruitful walnut (Juglans regia) types in Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 32(4): 337-342.
 
Alinia-Ahandani, E., Darzi-Ramandi, H., Sarmad, J., Asadi-Samani, M., Yavari, A.M., and Alinia-Ahandani, R. 2014. Evaluation of morphological diversity among some Persian walnut accessions (Juglans regia L.) in Guilan, northern Iran. International Journal of Plant Biology and Research 5(2): 21-30.
 
Anonymous 1994. Descriptors for Walnut (Juglans spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IBPGR), Rome, Italy. 31 pp.
 
Anonymous 2011. Survey results on production of Horticultural Crops. Ministry of Agricultura, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
 
Anonymous 2013. Production Yearbook. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy.
 
Arzani, K., Mansouri‐Ardakan, H., Vezvaei, A., and Roozban, M. R. 2008. Morphological variation among Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from central Iran. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 36(3): 159-168.
 
Aslantaş, R. 2006. Identification of superior walnut (Juglans regia) genotypes in north‐eastern Anatolia, Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 34(3): 231-237.
 
Asma, B. M. 2012. Pomological and phenological characterization of promising walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from Malatya, Turkey. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus 11(4): 169 - 178.
 
Bayazit, S. 2012. Determination of relationships among kernel percentage and yield characteristics in some Turkish walnut genotypes by correlation and path analysis. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 22(2): 513-517.
 
Cosmulescu, S., and Botu, M. I. H. A. I. 2012. Walnut biodiversity in south-western Romania resource for perspective cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44(1): 307-311.
 
Diaz, R., Alonso, E., and Fernádez-López, J. 2004. Genetic and geographic variation in seed traits of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) among twenty populations from the west of Spain. Acta Horticulturae705: 137-141.
 
Ebrahimi, A., Fatahi, M. R., and Zamani, Z. 2011. Analysis of genetic diversity among some Persian walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.) using morphological traits and SSRs markers. Scientia Horticulturae 130(1): 146-151.
 
Ebrahimi, A., Fatahi, M. R., Zamani, Z. A., and Vahdati, K. 2010. An investigation on genetic diversity of 608 Persian walnut accessions for screening of some genotypes of superior traits. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Sciences 40(4): 83-94 (in Persian).
 
Forde, H. I., and McGranahan, G. H. 1996. Wulnuts. pp. 241-273. In: Janick, J., and Moore, J. N. (eds.) Fruit Breeding, Volume III: Nuts. Purdue University Press, USA.
 
Ghasemi, M., Arzani, K., and Hassani, D. 2012. Evaluation and identification of walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes in Markazi province of Iran. Crop Breeding Journal 2(2): 119-124.
 
Haghjooyan, R., Ghareriazi, B., Sanei-Shariat-Panahi, M., and Khalighy, A. 2005. Investigation genetic diversity of walnut genotype in different region of country by quantaitives morphological marker. Pajhoohesh va Sazandegi 69: 22-30 (in Persian).
 
Hassani, D., Atefi, J., Haghjooyan, R., Dastjerdi, R., Keshavarzi, M., Mozaffari, M. R., Soleimani, A., Rahmanian, A. R., Nematzadeh, F., and Malmir, A. 2012a. Jamal, a new Persian walnut cultivar for moderate-cold areas of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal 28-1 (3): 525-527 (in Persian).
 
Hassani, D., Atefi, J., Haghjooyan, R., Dastjerdi, R., Keshavarzi, M., Mozaffari, M. R., Soleimani, A., Rahmanian, A. R., Nematzadeh, F., and Malmir, A. 2012b. Damavand, A new Persian walnut cultivar as a pollinizer for Iranian walnut Cultivars and Genotypes. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal 28-1 (3): 529-531 (in Persian).
 
Karadag, H., and Akca, Y. 2011. Phenological and pomological properties of promising walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from selected native population in Amasya province. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(74): 16763-16768.
 
Keles, H., Akca, Y., and Ercisli, S. 2014. Selection of promising walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.) from Inner Anatolia. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum 13(3): 167-175.
 
Khadivi-Khub, A. 2014. Genetic divergence in seedling trees of Persian walnut for morphological characters in Markazi province from Iran. Brazilian Journal of Botany 37(3): 273-281.
 
Mahmoodi, R., Hassani, D., Amiri, M. E., and Jafaraghaee, M. 2014. Comparison of nut characteristics and yield of some selected persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes with foreign Cultivars. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal 30-1 (2): 441-456 (in Persian).
 
Mosivand, M., Hassani, D., Payamnour, V., and Jafar Aghaei, M. 2013. Comparison of tree, nut, and kernel characteristics in several walnut species and inter-specific hybrids. Crop Breeding Journal 3(1): 25-30.
 
Mousavi, S. A., Tatari, M., Moradi, H., and Hassani, D. 2015. Evaluation of genetic diversity among the superior walnut genotypes based on pomological and phonological traits in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 31-1 (2): 365-389 (in Persian).
 
Norouzi, R., Heidari, S., Asgari-Sarcheshmeh, M. A., and Shahi-Garahlar, A. 2013. Estimation of phenotypical and morphological differentiation among some selected persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) Accessions. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production 4(9): 2438-2445.
 
Pollegioni, P., Woeste, K., Olimpieri, I., Ducci, F., and Malvolti, M. E. 2010. Pollen Biology and Hybridization Process: Open Problem in Walnut. Pollen: Structure, Types and Effects. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York, USA.
 
Rezaei, R., Gerigourian,V., Vahdati, K., and Valizadeh, M. 2006. Evaluation of morphological traits associated with the vigor of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Thechnology 7(3): 157-168 (in Persian).
 
Rezaei, R., Hassani, G. H., Hassani, D., and Vahdati, D. 2008. Morphobiological characteristics of some newly selected walnut genotypes from seedling collection of Kahriz, Orumia. Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 9 (3): 205-214 (in Persian).
 
Sarikhani-Khorami, S., Arzani, K., and Roozban, M. R. 2012. Identification and selection of twelve walnut superior and promising genotypes in Fars province, Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 28-1 (2): 277-296 (in Persian).
 
Sarikhani-Khorami, S., Arzani, K., and Roozban, M. R. 2014. Correlations of certain high-heritability horticultural traits in persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Acta Horticulturae 652: 61-68.
 
Sharma, O. C., and Sharma, S. D. 2001. Correlation between nut and kernel characters of Persian walnut seedlings trees of Garsa Valley in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh. Acta Horticulturae 544: 129-132.
 
Sharma, R. M., Kour, K., Singh, B., Yadav, S., Kotwal, N., Rana, J. C., and Anand, R. 2014. Selection and characterization of elite walnut (Juglans regia L.) clone from seedling origin trees in North Western Himalayan region of India. Australian Journal of Crop Science 8(2): 257 - 262.
 
Solar, A., and Stampar. F. 2005. Evaluation of some perspective walnut genotypes in Slovenia. Acta Horticulturae 705: 131-136.
 
Soleimani, A., Rabiei, V., Hassani, D., andAmiri, M. E. 2009. Effects of Foliar Application of Nutrient Elements on Fruit Set and Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Keshmeshi Grape Cultivar. Seed and Plant Production Journal 25-1 (1): 93-101 (in Persian).
 
Vyas, D., Shrma, S. K., and Sharma, D. R. 2003. Genetic structure of walnut genotype using leaf isozymes as variability measure. Scientia Horticulturae 91: 141-152.
 
Westwood, M. N. 1993. Temperate-zone Pomology: Physiology and Culture. Third Edition Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, USA.
 
Zeneli, G., Kola, H., and Dida, M. 2005. Phenotypic variation in native walnut populations of Northern Albania. Scientia.
 
 
 
 
نهال و بذر
دوره 32، شماره 4
بهمن 1395
صفحه 437-459

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار