ارزیابی مقاومت ارقام و لاین‌های گندم نسبت به بیماری لکه‌برگی سپتوریایی در مراحل گیاهچه‌ای و گیاه کامل

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم، سرارود، کرمانشاه

2 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، گرگان

چکیده

در این تحقیق مقاومت 230 رقم تجاری و لاین امیدبخش گندم نسبت به قارچ عامل بیماری لکه‌برگی سپتوریایی (Mycosphaerella graminicola) در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای در گلخانه‌های واحد بیماری‌های غلات مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج و در مرحله گیاه کامل در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقاتی گرگان مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. ارزیابی مقاومت گیاهچه‌ای با استفاده از سه پاتوتیپ پرآزار (High virulent) قارچ عامل بیماری انجام شد. ژنوتیپ‌های گندم در مرحله یک برگی به صورت جداگانه با سوسپانسیون اسپور پاتوتیپ‌های قارچ مایه‌زنی شد و واکنش گیاهچه‌ای 21 روز پس از مایه‌زنی به صورت درصد سطح نکروتیک برگ و درصد پوشش پیکنید مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج ارزیابی مقاومت گیاهچه‌ای نسبت به پاتوتیپ‌های 87001، 87051 و 88005 نشان داد که به ترتیب 49، 25 و 34 درصد ارقام و لاین‌های مورد آزمایش مقاوم بوده و بقیه ژنوتیپ‌ها دارای درجات مختلفی از واکنش حساسیت بودند. رقم دریا و لاین‌های S-87-1، S-87-10، S-87-15، S-87-16، S-87-17، S-87-18، S-87-20، S-87-22، C-86-1، C-86-5، C-85-4، C-85-6، C-85-9، C-81-10، C-80-4، N-86-12، N-83-3 و M-85-16 و نسبت به هر سه جدایه قارچ مقاوم تشخیص داده شدند. ارزیابی مقاومت گیاه کامل بر اساس مقیاس دو رقمی 99-00 نشان داد که 39 درصد ژنوتیپ‌ها مقاوم بودند. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از واکنش گیاهچه‌ای و گیاه کامل، بیش از 50 درصد ارقام و لاین‌ها نسبت به جدایه‌های این بیماری حساسیت نشان دادند. ژنوتیپ‌های دارای مقاومت قابل قبول می‌توانند در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی گندم به عنوان منابع مقاومت مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Resistance of some Wheat Cultivars and Lines to Septoria Leaf Blotch at Seedling and Adult Plant Stages

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Fallah Motlagh
  • R. Rohparvar 1
  • S. Kia 2
  • H.R. Zamanizadeh
چکیده [English]

In this study, resistance of 230 wheat elite lines and commercial cultivars was evaluated to Mycosphaerella graminicola, the fungal pathogen of septoria leaf blotch, at seedling and adult plant stages (in greenhouse at Cereal Pathology Unit, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, and in experimental fields of Gorgan Research Station, respectively). The first leaves of seedlings of wheat genotypes were separately inoculated with three high virulent isolates of the pathogen. Seedling resistance was visually assessed based on percentages of leaf necrotic area and pycnidial coverage at 21 days post inoculation. Results showed that 49, 25 and 34% of genotypes were resistant to the pathotypes 87001, 87051 and 88005, respectively, whereas the rest showed various levels of susceptibility. The wheat cultivar Darya and the lines S-87-1, S-87-10, S-87-15, S-87-16, S-87-17, S-87-18, S-87-20, S-87-22, C-86-1, C-86-5, C-85-4, C-85-6, C-85-9, C-81-10, C-80-4, N-86-12, N-83-3 and M-85-16 were resistant to all three isolates. Evaluation of adult plant resistance scored by 00-99 modified scale, showed the resistance reaction for 39% of the genotypes. Over 50% of plant materials were susceptible to the pathogen isolates at seedling and adult plant stages. Wheat genotypes with acceptable levels of resistance could be used as sources of resistance in wheat breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • septoria leaf blotch
  • resistance sources
  • high virulent isolates
  • Zymoseptoria tritici
References Abrinbana, M., Mozafari, J., Shams-bakhsh, M., and Mehrabi, R. 2012. Resistance spectra of wheat genotypes and virulence patterns of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates in Iran. Euphytica 186: 75-90. Agrios, G. N. 1997. Plant Pathology. 4th edition. Academic Press, New York, USA. 635pp. Arabi, M. I. E., and Jawhar, M. 2002. Grain yield, kernel weight and septoria tritici blotch responses of wheat to potassium and nitrogen fertilization. Cereal Research Communications 30: 141-147. Arraiano, L. S., Chartrain, L., Bossolini, E., Slatter, H. N., Keller, B., and Brown, J. K. M. 2007. A gene in European wheat cultivars for resistance to an African isolate of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Plant Pathology 56: 73-78. Brading, P. A., Verstappen, E. C. P., Kema, G. H. J., and Brown, J. K. M. 2002. A gene- for- gene relationship between wheat and Mycosphaerella graminicola, the septoria tritici blotch pathogen. Phytopathology 92: 439-445. Brule Babel, A. L. 2007. Catalogue of gene symboles for wheat. Annual Wheat Newsletter 53: 171. Chartrain, L., Brading, P. A., Makepeace, J. C., and Brown, J. K. M. 2004. Sources of resistance to septoria tritici blotch and implications for wheat breeding. Plant Pathology 53: 454-460. Chartrain, L., Joaquim, P., Berry, S. T., Arraiano, L. S., Azanza, F., and Brown, J. K. M. 2005. Genetics of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the Portuguese wheat breeding line TE 9111. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 110: 1138-1144. Cowling, S. G., Brule Babel, A. L., Somers, D. J., and Lamari, A. L. 2007. Catalogue of gene symboles. Annual Wheat Newsletter 53: 171. Dadrezaie, S. T., and Eslahi, R. 2004. Evaluation of resistance in some wheat cultivars and advanced lines to leaf rust and septoria leaf blotch in Khuzestan province. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tabriz, Iran (in Persian). Eyal, Z. 1999. Breeding for disease resistance to Septoria and Stagonospora disease of wheat. pp. 332-344. In: Lucas, J. A., Bowyer, P., and Anderson, H. M. (eds.) Septoria on Cereals: A Study of Pathosystems. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Eyal, Z., Amiri, Z., and Wahl, L. 1973. Physiologic specialization of Septoria tritici. Phytopathology 63: 1087-1091. Eyal, Z., Scharen, A. L., and van Ginkel, M. 1987. The Septoria Diseases of Wheat: Concepts and Methods of Disease Management. CIMMYT, Mexico, D. F. Mexico. Fallahi-Motlagh, S., Roohparvar, R., and Zamanizadeh, M. 2010. Genetic diversity of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola in Iran. Proceedings of the 8th International Wheat Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia. P. 252. Fallahi-Motlagh, S., Roohparvar, R., Zamanizadeh, HR., and Bandehhagh, A. 2014. Pathotype determination of the Mycosphaerella graminicola cause of septoria leaf blotch of wheat in Iran. Applied Researches in Plant Protection 3 (2): 17-28 (in Persian). Ghaneie, A., Mehrabi, R., Safaie, N., Abrinbana, M., Saidi, A., and Aghaee, M. 2012. Genetic variation for resistance to septoria tritici blotch in Iranian tetraploid wheat landraces. European Journal of Plant Pathology 132: 191-202. Goodwin, S. B., McDonald, B. A., and Kema, G. H. J. 2003. The Mycosphaerella sequencing initiative. pp. 149-151. In: Kema, G. H. J., van Ginkel, M., and Harrabi, M. (eds.) Global Insights into the Septoria and Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Septoria and Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals. Tunis, Tunisia. Haghdel, M., and Banihashemi, Z. 2003. Reaction of wheat cultivars to isolates of Septoria tritici under greenhouse and controlled chamber conditions. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 39: 175-187 (in Persian). Hardwick, N. V., Jones, D. R., and Slough, J. E. 2001. Factores affecting diseases of winter wheat in England and wales, 1989. Plant Pathology 50: 453-462. Kema, G. H. J., Annone, J. G., Sayoud, R., Van Silfhout, C. H., Van Ginkel, M., and De Bree, J. 1996a. Genetic variation for virulence and resistance in the wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola pathosystem. I. Interactions between pathogen isolates and host cultivars. Phytopathology 86: 200-212. Kema, G. H. J., and van Silfhout, C. H. 1997. Genetic variation for virulence and resistance in the wheat - Mycosphaerella graminicola pathosystem. Ш. Comparative seedling and adult plant experiments. Phytopathology 87: 266-272. Kema, G. H. J., Verstappen, E. C. P., Todorova, M., and Waalwikj, C. 1996b. Successful crosses and molecular tetrad and progeny analysis demonstrate heterothalism in Mycosphaerella graminicola. Current Genetics 30: 251-258. Kema, G. H. J., Verstappen, E. C. P., and Waalwijk, C. 2000. Avirulence in the wheat Septoria tritici leaf blotch fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola is controlled by a single locus. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 13: 1375-1379. Khelghatibana, F., and Dadrezaie, S. T. 2004. Evaluation of synthetic hexaploid wheat lines for resistance to Septoria tritici in field. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tabriz, Iran (in Persian). Khelghatibana, F., Dadrezaie, S. T., Dehghan, M. A., Nazari, K., and Torabi, M. 2004. Responses of eleven commercial wheat cultivar to Septoria tritici in field. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tabriz, Iran. (in Persian). Kia, Sh., Torabi, M., and Nazari, K. 2006. Evaluation of resistance to septoria leaf blotch in wheat lines and cultivars. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Karaj, Iran (in Persian). Kurt, S. 2002. Screening of wheat cultivars for resistance to stripe rust and leaf blotch in Turkey. Crop Protection 21: 495-500. Mehrabi, R. 2002. Evaluation of tetraploid wheat accessions of Triticum turgidum to septoria leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) disease. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Kermanshah, Iran (in Persian). Mojerlou, Sh., Safaie, N., Alizadeh, A., and Khelghatibana, F. 2007. Interaction of Septoria tritici isolated with different wheat cultivars and lines in greenhouse conditions. Proceedings of the Second National Cellular and Molecular Congress, Kerman, Iran (in Persian). Naroee, P., Mozaffary, J., Zamanizade, H., and Khelghati Bana, F. 2006. Evaluation of Iranian Tetraploid wheats to septoria leaf blotch. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Karaj, Iran. (in Persian). Quaedvlieg, W., Kema, G. H. J., Groenewald, J. Z., Verkley, G. J. M., Seifbarghi, S., Razavi, M., Mirzadi Gohari, A., Mehrabi, R., and Crous, P. W. 2011. Zymoseptoria gen. nov.: a new genus to accommodate Septoria-like species occurring on graminicolous hosts. Persoonia 26: 57-69. Roohparvar, R., Mehrabi, R., van Nistelrooy, J. G. M., Zwiers, L. H., and De Waard, M. A. 2008. The drug transporter MgMfs1 can modulate sensitivity of field strains of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola to the strobilurin fungicide trifloxystrobin. Pest Management Science 64: 685-693. Saadaoui, E. M. 1987. Physiologic specialization of Septoria tritici in Morocco. Plant Disease 71: 153-155. Saari, E. E., and Prescott, J. M. 1975. A scale for appraising the foliar intensity of wheat diseases. Plant Disease 59: 377-380. Tabib Ghaffary, S. M., Faris, J. D., and Friesen, T. L. 2012. New broad-spectrum resistance to septoria tritici blotch derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 124: 125-142. Tabib Ghaffary, S. M., Robert, O., and Laurent, V. 2011. Genetic analysis of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the French winter wheat cultivars Balance and Apache. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 123: 741-754. Torabi, M., Pouralibaba, H. R., Dehghan, M. A., and Dadrezai, S. T. 2002. Evaluation of resistance of advanced dryland wheat lines at seedling and adult stages against septoria leaf blotch in different parts of Iran. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Kermanshah, Iran (in Persian). van Ginkel, M., and Rajaram, S. 1999. Breeding for resistance to the septoria/stagonospora blights of wheat. pp. 117-126. In: van Ginkel, M., McNab, A., and Krupinsky, J. (eds.) Septoria and Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals: A Compilation of Global Research. CIMMYT, Mexico, D.F., Mexicio.