نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران.
2 دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوههای معتدله وسردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
In this research, growth and fruit characteristics of 13 quince genotypes; AS1, ASM1, ASM2, ASM3, ASP1, ASP2 (Guilan genotypes), Givi Kosar, Sibi Kosar, Ardebil 1, Ardebil 2, Ardebil 3, Ardebil 4 and Ardebil 6 (Ardebil genotypes), grafted on hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) in 2017, were evaluated and compared. The experiment was carried-out in randomized complete block design with six replications in Samirom horticultural research station in 2023 and 2024. The results revealed that Ardebil 3 and Ardebil 4 genotypes had the highest vegetative growth. However, the lowest fruit yield tree-1 and yield efficiency were associated with these two genotypes. ASM3 genotype showed the highest number of fruits tree-1 and the ASP2 genotype showed the highest fruit yield tree-1 and yield efficiency. The highest TSS was measured in the Ardebil 2 genotype. This genotype, along with Ardebil 3 genotype, had the firmest fruit tissue. Guilan quince genotypes showed higher yield tree-1 than Ardebil genotypes in the highland region of Semirom. ASP2 and then ASM1 quince genotypes had higher fruit yield tree-1 and more desirable quality properties than other genotypes.
Keywords: Quince, fruit weight, fruit yield tree-1, fruit yield efficiency, total soluble solids
Introduction
Establishment of quince orchards using suitable genotypes with high fruit yield and quality is a profitable investment. Large fruits of quince allow for easy harvesting in a short period of time. Quince is usually used for producing juice, jam, conserve, and jelly. In addition, quince fruits are easily transported, have long shelf life, and retain their unique aroma and flavor for long time (Paunovic et al., 2025). Paunovic et al. (2025) reported that fruit weight of quince varied from 252.7 grams in cv. Hemus to 289.5 grams in cv. Leskovacka.
Imrak (2025) reported that among the studied cultivars, cv. Ekmek showed the highest fruit weight and cv. Tekec showed significantly lower fruit weight. Cv. Acem had the highest TSS content with an average of 20.20%. Radovic et al., 2016 showed that although cv. Leskovacka had the lowest fruit yield tree-1 due to its low growth vigor, but it had higher yield efficiency than most of the studied cultivars. Quince cultivation has been developed in various regions of Iran, such as the highland region of Semirom in Isfahan province. Therefore, selection of suitable and adapted quince cultivars for highland regions is necessary. In this research, quince genotypes collected from low and high altitude regions were evaluated and compared in Semirom horticultural research station, Isfahan province.
Materials and Methods
Growth and fruit characteristics of 13 quince genotypes; AS1, ASM1, ASM2, ASM3, ASP1, ASP2 (Guilan genotypes), Givi Kosar, Sibi Kosar, Ardebil 1, Ardebil 2, Ardebil 3, Ardebil 4 and Ardebil 6 (Ardebil genotypes), grafted on hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) in September 2017, were evaluated and compared. The experiment was carried-out in randomized complete block design with six replications in Samirom horticultural research station in 2023 and 2024. In 2023 and 2024, the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of genotypes were evaluated, measured and recorded.
The studied characteristics included rootstock diameter, grafting site diameter, cultivar diameter, tree height, crown diameter, shoot diameter, current shoot length, internode length, trunk cross sectional area (TCSA), leaf length and width, leaf number, length, width and shape, and fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit tissue firmness, fruit yield tree-1 and fruit yield efficiency. Three trees were selected in each genotype and four branches on four geographical directions of each tree were chosen to evaluate vegetative characteristics. For fruit traits, 10 fruits from three selected trees of each genotype were harvested of and transported to the laboratory.
Combined analyses of variance was performed using SAS version 9.2 software. Means were compared using the LSD test at the 5% probability level.
Results and discussion
Ardebil 3 genotype showed the highest rootstock diameter and cultivar diameter with averages of 103.96 and 100.5 mm, respectively. Ardebil 2 genotype had the lowest average grafting site diameter and cultivar diameter. Ozturk et al. (2022) reported the longest rootstock diameter (62.63 mm) in cv. Limon, and the longest cultivar diameter (50.49 mm) in cv. Gordes. The tallest and shortest trees belonged to the Ardebil 4 and Sibi Kosar genotypes with averages of 260 and 181 cm, respectively. Sibi Kosar genotype in 2024 showed the highest trunk cross-sectional area with an average of 87.39 cm2.
The average fruit weight was 159.53 grams and was 158.57 grams in 2023 and 2024, respectively. The reported range for fruit weight in this study was greater than those reported by Tatari and Abdollahi (2021). In both years, Ardebil 2 and Ardebil 3 genotypes showed the highest fruit tissue firmness. Ardebil 2 (23.5%) and Givi Kosar (14%) genotypes had the highest and lowest TSS in 2023. The TSS contents, in this study, was higher than those reported by Tatari and Abdollahi (2021). In both years, the highest fruit yield tree-1 was harvested from the quince genotype from the Guilan province. Fruit yield efficiency followed a similar pattern as fruit yield tree-1, and the Guilan genotypes had higher (2.28 times) fruit yield efficiency.
References
Imrak, B., Kafkas, N.E., Golcu, A.E., Ercisli, S., Yasmin, S., Durul, M.S., Skrovankova, S. and Mlcek, J. 2025. Pomological, biochemical and bioactive characteristics in fruits of quince cultivars grown in Türkiye. Folia Horturae, 37, pp.127-137. DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2025-0011
Ozturk, A., Faizi, Z.A. and Kurt, T. 2022. Performance of some standard quince cultivars under ecological conditions of Bafra, Samsun. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32, pp.320-330. DOI: 10.29133/yyutbd
Paunovic, G., Ilic, R., Glisic, I. and Mladenovic, J. 2025. Evaluation of physical and chemical properties of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) fruit. Pp. 125-132. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Biotechnology. Čačak, Serbia. DOI: 10.46793/SBT30.17GP
Tatari, M. and Abdollahi, H. 2021. Evaluation of vegetative and reproductive characteristics of some quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) genotypes from central regions of Iran. International Journal of Fruit Science, 21, pp.945-954. DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.1948377
کلیدواژهها [English]
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