Resistance of Some Wheat Commercial Cultivars and Promising Lines to Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) Disease at Seedling and Adult-Plant Stages

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Moghan, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Dezful, Iran

Abstract

Wheat leaf rust (brown rust) caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is an important disease of wheat crop in Iran. This research project was carried out to evaluate the reaction of 52 commercial cultivars and promising lines of different national wheat breeding programs of Iran to wheat leaf rust disease at seedling and adult plant stages. The results showed that at the seedling stage, 35% of the tested cultivars and promising lines were resistant to used leaf rust isolates. The results of field showed that all wheat genotypes of the south warm and dry zone, wheat genotypes of north warm and humid zone, and all durum wheat genotypes, 75% of wheat genotypes of the temperate zone, 60% of wheat genotypes of the salinity breeding program and 42% of wheat genotypes of cold zone, had reasonable level of resistance (50MS, 50MR, 40S and less) to used leaf rust isolates. In this research, five wheat genotypes; cv. Araz, N-98-20, C-98-7,
C-98-8 and CD-99-15 were resistant in all regions under field conditions. But they were susceptible to all used leaf rust isolates in the seedling stage, therefore, these wheat genotypes may carry adult plant resistance gene(genes).
 
Keywords: Bread wheat, durum wheat, adult plant resistance, seedling resistance, susceptibility.
Introduction
Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is one of the most important foliar diseases in wheat worldwide. Recent studies have showed that the average damage caused by leaf rusts (brown), stripe rust (yellow) and stem rust (black) in wheat crop is about 15 million tons per year, which is equivalent to an annual average of about US $2.9 billion per year (Huerta-Espino et al., 2020). Dadrezaei et al., (2018) reported that the average wheat yield loss caused by leaf rust in Iran was estimated to be about 25%, and the yield loss varied from 7 to 46 percent in different regions and cultivars (Dadrezaei et al., 2018). Although fungicides are widely used to control the disease, the use of resistant cultivars is considered the most effective, most efficient, economical, and the safest approach for controlling and managing this disease, and is compatible with the environment. The main focus in global wheat breeding programs is the development of rust-resistant cultivars. The development of resistant cultivars is a continuous process because the resistance of resistant cultivars may break by mutation in the genome of the pathogen. For this reason, there is a constant need to investigate the virulence/avirulence of the disease agent, and identify and develop new sources of resistance.
 
Materials and Methods
This research was carried out to evaluate reaction of 52 wheat commercial cultivars and promising lines from different national wheat breeding programs, and susceptible control (Bolani), to wheat leaf rust at seedling and adult plant stages with artificial inoculation.  Resistance of wheat commercial cultivars and promising lines at seedling stage was evaluated using six wheat leaf rust isolates from the areas where the field experiments for adult plant stages resistance were carried out. The wheat commercial cultivars and promising lines were evaluated at adult plant stages in Kalardasht and Parsabad Moghan under natural infection and in Dezful and Shavour under artificial infection conditions in 2023 and 2024 cropping seasons. To evaluate the reaction of the wheat genotypes in field conditions and in leaf rust epidemic conditions, cultivars and promising lines were cultivated in early December 2023 and 2024 at Safiabad Dezful, Shavour, Kalardasht and Parsabad Moghan, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research field Stations. The inoculation of the wheat genotypes was done using the leaf rust isolate of each region in the form of a mixture of rust spores and talcum powder in Ahvaz and Dezful during three stages under favorable environmental conditions in the evening in 2023-2024 cropping seasons, however, at Kalardasht and Parsabad Moghan research filed stations, the incidence and spread of leaf rust occurred naturally without artificial inoculation.
 
Results and Discussion
References
Dadrezaei, S. T., Tabatabaei, N., Lakzadeh, I., Jafarnejad, A., Afshari, F. and Hassanbayat, Z. 2018. Evaluation of tolerance to leaf rust disease in some selected bread wheat genotypes. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 86, pp. 29-40 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22092/jaep.2018.109374.1153
Huerta-Espino, J., Singh, R., Crespo-Herrera, L. A., Villaseñor-Mir, H. E., Rodriguez-Garcia, M. F., Dreisigacker, S., Barcenas-Santana, D. and Lagudah, E. 2020. Adult plant slow rusting genes confer high levels of resistance to rusts in bread wheat cultivars from Mexico. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 824. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00824
Singh, R. P. 1993. Resistance to leaf rust in 26 Mexican wheat cultivars. Crop Science, 33, pp.633-637. DOI:10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300030041x

Keywords

References

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Seed and Plant Journal
Volume 40, Issue 2
June 2024
Pages 170-151

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