ارزیابی مقدماتی گونه‌های مختلف گلابی (.Pyrus spp) بر اساس خصوصیات متمایزکننده بذر، میوه و رشد اولیه دانهال‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

فلات ایران از تنوع بسیار بالای گونه‌های مختلف جنس گلابی ) (Pyrus برخوردار است. این تنوع ارزشمند در سطح گونه می باشد و ارزش کاربردی آنها در برنامه های ملی به نژادی گلابی تاکنون مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تنوع میوه، بذر و خصوصیات اولیه رشد دانهال‌های حاصل از 10 گونه گلابی بومی و مقایسه آنها با سه گونه شرق آسیا در آزمایشگاه پومولوژی گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس در سال‌های 1401-1400 اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که در رابطه با خصوصیات بذر، گونه‌های P. salicifolia و P. hyrcana و به ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین ضخامت بذر بودند که می‌تواند در تمایز گونه‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بیشترین و کمترین وزن میوه به ترتیب با 226/5و 0/67 گرم در دو گونه شرقی شاهد P. bretschneideri و P. betulifolia مشاهده شد. ارزیابی دانهال‌های حاصل از گونه‌ها نشان داد که بلند‌ترین ارتفاع دانهال، بیشترین قطر ساقه، تعداد میانگره، تعداد برگ و طول دمبرگ مربوط به دانهال‌های حاصل از P. communis cv. Dargazi و کمترین آنها در دانهال‌های گونه P. pashia بود. براساس تجزیه خوشه‌ای با استفاده از خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی و پومولوژیکی گونه‌های گلابی مورد ارزیابی در دو گروه مجزا قرار گرفتند. به طوریکه گروه اول شاملگونه های ‌P. communis cv. Dargazi و P. bretschneideri بودکه از نظر صفات پومولوژیک شباهت زیادی داشتند. با توجه به اهمیت استفاده از صفت پاکوتاهی در اصلاح و تولید پایه‌های گلابی سازگار، لازم است گونه‌های پاکوتاه و بویژه گونه P. pashia مورد ارزیابی بیشتر و در مدت طولانی‌تری قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Preliminary Evaluation of Different Pear Species (Pyrus spp.) Based on Distinctive Characteristics of Seed, Fruit and Early Growth of Seedlings

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Rezaei 1
  • H. Abdollahi 2
  • K. Arzani 1
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modres University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The plateau of Iran has very high diversity of different species of the genus Pyrus that has not been evaluated at the species level and used in the national pear breeding programs. The present research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the variation in fruit, seed and the initial seedling growth characteristics of 10 native pear species and comparing them with three East Asian pear species during 2021-2022. The results showed that P. salicifolia and P. hyrcana species had the highest and lowest seed thickness that could be used to distinguish these species. The highest (226.5 g) and lowest (0.67 g) fruit weight was observed in the two Asian pear species, P. bretschneideri and P. betulifolia. The evaluation of the seedlings of pear species showed that the highest seedling height, stem diameter, number of internodes, number of leaves, number of leaflets and petiole length belonged to the seedlings of P. communis cv. Dargazi, and the lowest related to P. pashia. Cluster analysis based on morphological and pomological characteristics grouped pear species in two groups. The first group included P. communis cv. Dargazi and P. bretschneideri that were very similar for pomological characteristics. Considering the importance of breeding for devlepment of dwarf rootstocks, it is necessary to study the dwarf pear species especially P. pashia in future and for longer period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pear
  • rootstock breeding
  • intensive orchards
  • genetic resources
  • vegetative traits

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نهال و بذر
دوره 38، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 385-408

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