ارزیابی ویژگی‌های پومولوژیکی، عملکرد میوه و روغن در پنجاه و پنج رقم زیتون ( .Olea europaea L) خارجی و بومی در منطقه طارم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

پژوهشکده میوه های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج ایران

چکیده

ارزیابی سازگاری و عملکرد میوه و روغن یکی از مراحل مهم در تولید و معرفی ارقام جدید درخت زیتون برای مناطق مورد نظر است. در این پژوهش 55 رقم زیتون از نظر ویژگی‌های میوه، عملکرد میوه و روغن در ایستگاه تحقیقات زیتون طارم در سال های 1397- 1395 مورد مطالعه و اریابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد اثر سال، رقم و اثر متقابل آنها بر عملکرد میوه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. رقم تفاهی با میانگین وزن میوه 11/36گرم دارای بزرگ‌ترین میوه و پس از آن ارقام جلت، ‌هالکیدیکی و ولیوتیکی دارای میانگین وزن میوه بیش از 10 گرم بودند. رقم جلت با 93% بیشترین درصد گوشت میوه را به خود اختصاص داد. رقم خدیری با 69/53% بیشترین مقدار درصد روغن در ماده خشک را داشت. ارقام‌ هالکیدیکی، نبالی، آربکین، آگروماناکی، مگارون، کرونیکی با داشتن 67/55-66/28درصد روغن در ماده خشک جزو ارقام با درصد رو غن بالا بودند. بیشینه میانگین عملکرد میوه با 80/16کیلوگرم در درخت بدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد میوه و پایداری آن به ترتیب متعلق به ارقام ابوسطل، مصعابی، آربکین، کرونیکی، کاریدولیا وکنسروالیا بود. بیشترین عملکرد روغن از ارقام کاریدولیا و کرونیکی و کنسروالیا به ترتیب با 3412، 2974 و 2782 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد. ارقام پیکوال، هالکیدیکی و ابوسطل نیز بیش از دو تن در هکتار روغن تولید کردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of pomological Characteristics, Fruit and Oil Yield of Fifty-Five Foreign and Native Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars in Tarom Region in Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • A. Zeinanloo
Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Study of adaptability and performance are important steps in the introduction of new olive cultivars for target regions. In this research, pomological characteristics, fruit and oil yield of 55 foreign and native olive cultivars were evaluated at Tarom olive research station from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that the effect of year, cultivar and their interaction effect on fruit yield were significant (P≤ 0.01). Cv. Toffahi with an average fruit weight of 11.36 grams had the largest fruit followed by cv. Jlot, cv. Chalkidiki and cv. Voliotiki with average fruit weight of more than 10 grams. Cv. Jlot had the highest fruit flesh (93%) and cv. Khodeiri had the highest (69.53%) dry matter oil content. Cv. Chalkidiki, cv. Nebali, cv. Arbequina, cv. Agromanaki, cv. Megaron, cv. Koroneiki with 66.28-55.67 percent dry matter oil content were among the cultivars with high oil content. The highest fruit yield per tree (80.16 kg tree-1) obtained from cv. Caridolia. Cv. Abusatl, cv. Moussaabi, cv. Arbequina, cv. Koroneiki, cv. Caridolia and cv. Conservolia were also high yielding with high yield stability cultivars, respectively. The highest oil yield belonged to cv. Caridolia, cv. Koroneiki and cv. Conservolia with 2974, 3412 and 2782 kg ha-1, respectively. Cv. Picual, cv. Chalkidiki and cv. Abusatl also produced more than two tons of oil per hectare.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Olive
  • fruit weight
  • fruit flesh percentage
  • oil content
  • alternate bearing

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نهال و بذر
دوره 38، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 305-322

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