اثر آرایش کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ متحمل به ریزش کنجد (.Sesamum indicum، L) در کرج و مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

در ارتباط با مدیریت زراعی از جمله آرایش کاشت و تراکم بوته بهینه ژنوتیپ وارداتی متحمل به ریزش کنجد اطلاعاتی در اختیار نیست. بدین منظور آزمایشی در دو سال 1399 و 1400 در مزارع پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر (کرج) و مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی (مشهد) اجرا شد. در این پژوهش اثر فاصله ردیف-های‌30، 45 و 60 سانتی‌متر و فاصله بوته‌روی ردیف‌ 5، 8، 11 و 14 سانتی‌متر در قالب الگوهای کشت مستطیلی تا مربعی- مستطیلی بر عملکرد ژنوتیپ کنجد متحمل به ریزش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در هر مکان، آزمایش به صورت بلوک‌های خرد شده (نواری) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو مکان با کاهش فاصله بین ردیف‌ها و بین بوته‌ها که نتیجه آن افزایش تراکم بوته در واحد سطح است، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. از طرف دیگر با کاهش تراکم بوته در واحد سطح تعداد کپسول در بوته و تعداد دانه در کپسول به‌طور معنی-داری افزایش یافت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در منطقه کرج (1342 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از آرایش کاشت 8×45 سانتی متر و در مشهد (604 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از آرایش کاشت 11×45 سانتی متر حاصل شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که برای هر منطقه آرایش کاشت و تراکم بهینه‌ای وجود دارد که در کشت‌های متراکم‌تر از آن به دلیل افزایش رقابت بین بوته‌ها و در کشت-های تنک‌تر به دلیل عدم بهره‌برداری مناسب از منابع، امکان دستیابی به بیشینه عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ متحمل به ریزش کنجد مقدور نمی‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Planting Arrangement and Plant Density on Seed Yield of Shattering Tolerant Sesame (Sesamum indicum, L.) Genotype in Karaj and Mashhad in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Gholamhoseini 1
  • H. R. Babaei 2
  • S. Mansouri 1
  • F. Shariati 1
1 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
2 Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Since there is no information available regarding crop management, including proper planting arrangement and optimal planting density, of the imported shattering tolerant sesame genotypes, field experiments were carried out in research fields of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, and Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad, Iran, in 2019 and 2020. The effect of experimental factors including; 30, 45 and 60 cm inter row spacing, and 5, 8, 11 and 14 cm intra row spacing were evaluated as split blocks (strips) arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that there was reduction in number of sub-branches in both locations due to reduction in inter row spacing and intra row spacing. On the other hand, the reduction in plant density m-2 increased the number of capsules plant-1 and seed number capsule-1. The highest seed yield (1342 and 604 kg ha-1 in Karaj and Mashhad, respectively) obtained from the 45 × 8 and 45 × 11 planting arrangement in Karaj and Mashhad, respectively. Generally, the results indicated that there is an optimal planting arrangement and planting density for each location. Therefore, due to increased competition between plants in high plant density and lack of proper utilization of resources in low plant density, it would not be possible to attain the highest yield potential of shattering tolerant sesame genotype in high and low plant density.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sesame
  • inter row spacing
  • intra row spacing
  • seed yield
  • yield components
  • seed oil content

مراجع

Anonymous, 2022. Agricultural statistics: 2020-21. Cropping cycle. 1st volume. Field crops. Information and Communication Technology Center. Deputy of Planning and Economy. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. 100 pp. (in Persian).
 
Bahador, M., Moosavi, S. G. R., and Ramazani, S. H. R. 2019. Effect of weed free periods and crop density on morphological traits, yield, and yield components of sesame (Sesamumindicum L.). Journal of Plant Production 33 (2): 193-211 (in Persian).
 
Bedigian, D. 2004. History and role of sesame in southwest Asia. Economic Botany 58: 329-353.
 
Bedigian, D. 2010. Sesame: the genus Sesamum. 1st edition. CRC publication. Florida, United States. 507 pp.
 
Bhardwaj, H. L., Hamama, A. A., Kraemer, M. E., and Langham, D. R. 2014. Cultivars, planting dates and row spacing effects on sesame seed yield and mineral composition. Journal Agricultural Sciences 6 (9):1-7.
 
Caliskan, S., Arslan, M., Arigoglu, H., and Isler, N. 2004. Effect of planting method and plant population on growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in a Mediterranean type of environment. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 3(5):610-13. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2004.610.613.
 
Ehsannullah, N., Iqbal, A. A., and Mohsin, M. R. 2007. Effect of different planting patterns on the growth and yield of two varieties of sesame. The Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 44 (4): 584-86.
 
El Naim, A. M., El Day, E. M., and Ahmed, A. A. 2010. Effect of plant density on the performance of some sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars under rainfed. Researcher Journal of zgricultural and Biologic Sciences 6 (4): 498-504.
 
Fathi, Gh. 2009. Grain yield response of three rapeseed cultivars to different plant densities. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 29 (1): 1-10 (in Persian).
 
Foroghi, A., Gherkhlo, J., and Ghaderifar, F. 2014. Row spacing and common cocklebur interference effect on grain yield and its components of two sesame cultivars in Gorgan.Electronic Journal of Crop Production 6(2): 101-116 (in Persian).
 
Gholamhoseeini, M., Shariati, F., and Aghamohammadi, A. 2021. Selection of the best planting pattern for different sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) cultivars. Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops 9 (1): 13-26 (in Persian).
 
Habibzadeh, F., and Gholamhoseini, M. 2022. Selection of the best planting method and plant density for two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars with different growth types in Karaj region. Journal of Plant Production 29 (1): 191-207 (in Persian).
 
Hopkins, W. G., and Hunter, N. P. 2004. Introduction to plant physiology. 3rd edition. John Wiely and Sons publication. New York, United States. 541 pp.
 
Idoko, P. B., and Ugoo, T. 2018. Effect of inter-row and intra-row spacing on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 12: 69–76.
 
Iranian Vegetable Oil Industry Association. 2022. Annual reports. (In Persian). Karaaslan, D., Boydak, E., Gerçek, S., and Simsek, M. 2007. Influence of irrigation intervals and row spacing on some yield components of sesame grown in Harran region. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6(4): 623–27.
 
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Nourbakhsh, F., and Nehbandani, A. 2017. The Effect of Planting Pattern and Density on Yield and Yield Components of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 15(1): 31-45 (In Persian).
 
Langham, D. R. 2012. Non-dehiscent sesame IND variety Sesaco 33. US Patent Application. No. 8,207397 B1.
 
Monpara, B. A., and D. R. Vaghasia. 2016. Optimizing sowing time and row spacing for summer sesame growing in semi-arid environments of India. International Journal Current Researcher Academic Review 4 (1):122–31.
 
Mundel, H. H., Morrison R. J., Entz, T., Blackshaw, R. E., Roth, B.T., Kiehn, F., and Vandenberg, A. 1994. Row spacing and seeding rates to optimize safflower yield on the Canadian prairies. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74: 319-321.
 
Nadeem, A., Kashani, S., Ahmed, N., Buriro, M., Saeed, Z., Mohammad, F., and Ahmed, S. 2015. Growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under the influence of planting geometry and irrigation regimes. American Journal Plant Sciences 6:980–86.
 
Ngala, A. L., Dugje, I. Y., and Yakubu, H. 2013. Effects of inter-row spacing and plant density on performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in a Nigerian Sudan savanna. Sciences International (Lahore) 25 (3): 513-19. DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2230.3368.
 
Noorka, I. R., Hafiz, S. I., and El-Bramawy, A. S. 2011. Response of sesame to population densities and nitrogen fertilization in newly reclaimed sandy soils. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43 (4): 1953-58.
 
Papari Moghaddam Fard, A., and Bahrani, M. J. 2005. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant density on some agronomic characteristics, seed yield, oil and protein percentage in two sesame cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science 36 (1): 129-135 (in Persian).
 
Postma, J. A., Hecht, V. L., Hikosaka, K., Nord, E. A., Pons, T. L., and Poorter, H. 2021. Dividing the pie: a quantitative review on plant density response. Plant, Cell & Environment 44: 1072-1094.
 
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Norozpoor, Gh., Nabati, J., and Mohammad Abadi, A. A. 2006. Effects of different irrigation intervals and plant density on morphological characteristics, grain and oil yields of sesame (Sesamum indicum). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 3 (1): 57-68 (in Persian).
 
Raziei, T. 2020. Climate of Iran according to Köppen‑Geiger, Feddema, and UNEP climate classifications. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 148: 1395-1416.
 
Sadeghi Garmaroodi, H., Gholamhoseini, M., and Habibzadeh, F. 2023. Sesame production challenges and approaches. Emam Khomeini International University Publication. Qazvin, Iran. 268 pp. (in Persian).
 
Sivagamy, K., and Rammohan, J. 2013. Effect of sowing date and crop spacing on growth, yield attributes and quality of sesame. IOSR Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences 5 (2): 38-40.
 
Valiki, S. R. H., Ghanbari, S., Golmohammadzadeh, S., and Kiasari, R. 2015. Effect of different plant density on growth and yield of three cultivars of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Biological Forum -An International Journal 7 (1):1524-28.
 
 
نهال و بذر
دوره 38، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 283-303

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار