ارزیابی تحمل به تنش شوری ژنوتیپ‌های جو زراعی ( .Hordeum vulgare L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزشکشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی و شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به شوری، تعداد 50 ژنوتیپ جو زراعی با منشاء ایران در دو آزمایش مزرعه‌ای طی دو سال زراعی99-1398 و 1400-1399 در مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد (آزمایش شرایط بهینه در ایستگاه مرکزی یزد وآزمایش تنش شوری در ایستگاه شهرستان اردکان) ارزیابی شدند. آزمایش در قالب طرح لاتیس مستطیل 8×7 با سه تکرار اجرا شد. هدایت الکتریکی خاک و آب آبیاری در آزمایش بهینه به ترتیب 3/4و 3/6دسی‌زیمنس و در آزمایش شوری به ترتیب 14 و 10 دسی‌زیمنس بود. شاخص شدت تنش (SI) در سال زراعی99-1398، 0 /21و در سال زراعی 1400-99 این شاخص 32/0 برآورد شد، که نشان دهنده شدت بیشتر تنش شوری در سال دوم آزمایش بود. برای مقایسه ژنوتیپ‌ها با ارقام اصلاح شده، شش رقم جو زراعی از جمله دو شاهد متحمل به شوری مهر و خاتم، در آزمایش ها گنجانده شد. خصوصیات فنولوژیکی تعداد روز تا گلدهی و روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و وزن هزار دانه برای ژنوتیپ‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. میانگین عملکرد دانه در شرایط بهینه و تنش شوری در سال اول آزمایش، به ترتیب 215 و 174 گرم درمترمربع بود و در سال دوم به ترتیب 271/9و 184 گرم درمتر مربع بود. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده ها نشان داد اثر متقابل سال× تنش شوری × ژنوتیپ بر صفات مورد ارزیابی ژنوتیپ‌های جو معنی‌دار بود. بر اساس تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی و شاخص‌های تنش، در سال اول آزمایش ژنوتیپ‌های شماره50 (TN5008)،33 (TN4247) و 38 (TN4357) نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها برتری داشتند. درحالیکه در سال دوم دو ژنوتیپ شماره 24 (TN3474)، 27 (TN3643) به همراه ارقام متحمل خاتم و مهر دارای عملکرد دانه بالاتری بودند. محل جمع‌آوری این دو ژنوتیپ متحمل، به ترتیب استان کرمان و استان فارس بود. با استفاده از نتایج این پژوهش، ژنوتیپ-های متحمل به تنش شوری شناسایی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Salinity Stress Tolerance of Cultivated Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sh. Shahmoradi 1
  • S. A. Tabatabaie 2
1 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
2 Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To identify salinity tolerant cultivated genotypes, 50 barley genotypes originated from Iran were evaluated in a field experiment during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 cropping seasons in Yazd; Optimum experiment at Yazd central field station, and stress experiment in Ardakan field station, Iran. Six improved barley cultivars; Mehr and Khatam (Salinity tolerant), Nosrat, Nimrooz, Yousef and Gohran were also included in the experiments. The experiments were carried out using 8×7 rectangular lattice design with three replications. Phenological traits, grain yield and 1000-kernel weight were measured in all genotypes under optimum and salinity stress conditions. The electrical conductivity of soil and irrigation water in optimum condition was 3.4 and 3.6 dS m-1, and in the salinity condition, it was 14 and 10 dS m-1, respectively. The stress intensity index (SI) was 0.21 and 0.32 in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping seasons, repectively, which indicated higher stress intensity in the second year in the stress experiment. The mean grain yield under optimum and salt stress conditions in 2019-20 was 215 and 174 g m-2, respectively. In 2020-21 cropping season, mean grain yiled under optimum stress conditions were 271.9 and 184 g m-2, respectively. Combined analysis of traits showed that the of year × salinity stress × genotype interaction effect was significant on evaluated traits. Based on the results of principle component analysis and stress indices in 2019-20 cropping season, genotypes no. 50 (TN5008), 33 (TN4247) and 38 (TN4357) were superior genotypes. While in 2020-21 cropping season genotypes no. 24 (TN3474) and 27 (TN3643) together with salinity tolerant barley cultivars; Khatam and Mehr had higher grain yield. The collecting site of these two genotypes is Kerman province and Fars province, respectively. Based on the results of this research, tolerant cultivated barley genotypes were identified for further studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • stress intensity index
  • genetic diversity
  • adaptation
  • grain yield
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