اثر سطوح مختلف کودهای نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر عملکرد و ویژگی‏های کیفیت دانه دو رقم گندم دوروم [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn]

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر عملکرد و ویژگی‏های کیفیت دانه ارقام گندم دوروم، این پژوهش در دو سال زراعی 99-1398 و 1400-1399 به صورت کرت‏های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر واقع در کرج اجرا شد. کرت های اصلی شامل: دو رقم گندم دوروم (هانا و ثنا) و کرت های فرعی شامل: سطوح کود نیتروژن و پتاسیم (مجموعا 10 تیمار) بودند. سطوح مختلف کود شامل کاربرد: صفر (شاهد)، 200 ، 300 و 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره و هر کدام از سطوح کود اوره به علاوه 100 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود سولفات پتاسیم بود. تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد که اثر سال و سطوح مختلف کود بر عملکرد دانه در سطح یک درصد معنی‏دار بود. با افزایش میزان مصرف کود نیتروژن و پتاسیم عملکرد دانه نیز افزایش یافت. اثر کاربرد همزمان این دو کود موجب افزایش معنی دار عملکرد دانه شد. به طوری که با مصرف 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره به همراه 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم عملکرد بالاتری نسبت به مصرف 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره حاصل شد. ویژگی‏های کیفیت دانه مورد ارزیابی شامل: وزن هکتولیتر، درصد پروتئین، حجم رسوب زلنی، سختی دانه، گلوتن مرطوب، شاخص گلوتن، ارتفاع رسوب SDS، درصد استخراج سمولینا و درصد لکه آردی بودند. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده های مربوط به ویژگی‏های کیفیت دانه نشان داد که اثر سطوح مختلف کود بر کلیه ویژگی‏های کیفیت دانه، اثر سال بر گلوتن مرطوب، سختی دانه، درصد استحصال سمولینا و درصد لکه آردی و اثر متقابل رقم × کود بر شاخص گلوتن و درصد لکه آردی در سطح احتمال یک درصد و پنج درصد معنی‏دار بود. گلوتن مرطوب، سختی دانه و درصد استحصال سمولینا در سال زراعی 99-1398 بیشتر از سال زراعی 1400-1399 و درصد لکه آردی در سال زراعی 1400-1399 بیشتر بود. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش میزان مصرف کودهای نیتروژن و پتاسیم کلیه ویژگی‏های کیفیت دانه افزایش یافت، بجز درصد لکه آردی که در تیمار کودی 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن به اضافه 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود سولفات پتاسیم نسبت به تیمار شاهد 76 درصد کاهش یافت. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش اگرچه در هر از سطح کود نیتروژن تفاوت معنی‏داری بین سطوح مختلف کود پتاس مشاهده نشد، با این وجود به نظر می‏رسد مصرف 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره به همراه 200 کیلوگرم کود سولفات پتاسیم به منظور بهینه‏سازی کمیت و کیفیت دانه گندم دوروم در شرایط آب و هوایی کرج مناسب باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers on Grain Yield and Quality Properties of Two Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Sanjani 1
  • T. Najafi Mirak 1
  • F. Naghipour 1
  • S. Sh. Jasemi 1
  • A. Ghorbani 2
1 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Karaj, Iran.
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on grain yield and quality properties of durum wheat cultivars, a field experiment was carried out in the research filed of the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj, Iran, in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping seasons. Split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications was employed to assess the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers levels on grain yield and quality properties of two durum wheat cultivars. Two durum wheat cultivars (Hana and Sana) were assigned to main plots, and different levels of urea and potassium sulfate fertilizers (control, 200, 300, 400 kg ha-1 urea (N) and each level of nitrogen fertilizer with 100 and 200 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate (K)) were randomized in sub-plots. The results showed that the effect of year and different fertilizer levels on grain yield was significant (P ≤ 0.01). The grain yield increased by increasing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels. It was notable that the simultaneous application of these two fertilizers showed greater effect on grain yield. Therefore, grain yield at 300 kg ha-1 of urea fertilizer plus 200 kg ha-1 of potassium sulfate fertilizer was higher than sole 400 kg ha-1 urea fertilizer. Quality properties included; hectoliter weight, grain protein content, zeleny sedimentation volume, grain hardness index, grain wet gluten content, gluten index, SDS sedimentation height, semolina extraction rate and grain yellow berry percentage. The combined analysis of variance showed that there was significant differences among different fertilizer levels for all grain quality properties, and between years for wet gluten content, grain hardness, semolina extraction rate and grain yellow berry percentage. Wet gluten content, grain hardness and semolina extraction rate in 2019-20 were higher than in 2020-21 cropping season. Whereas, grain yellow berry percentage was higher in 2020-21 cropping season. In General, increasing the rate of fertilizers application increased all quality properties except grain yellow berry percentage that decreased by 76% at 400 kg ha-1 urea plus 200 kg ha-1 potassium sulfate as compared with control. It is concluded that application of 400 kg ha-1 urea plus 200 kg ha-1 potassium sulfate could be sufficient for optimizing grain yield and quality properties of durum wheat in Karaj region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Durum wheat
  • plant nutrition
  • grain protein content
  • gluten index
  • grain yellow berry

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نهال و بذر
دوره 38، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 171-204

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