تعیین شاخص‌های مورفولوژیکی مناسب برای درجه‌بندی کیفیت نهال‌های پیوندی آلبالو و گیلاس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی شیروان، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران.

چکیده

ارزیابی شاخص دیکسون روشی کارآمد اما تخریبی و زمان‌بر برای پیش‌بینی کیفیت انواع نهال محسوب می‌شود. پیش‌بینی سریع کیفیت و قدرت رشد نهال در فصل جابجایی آن به‌واسطه شناسایی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی که بیشترین همبستگی را با این شاخص داشته باشند، ضروری است. به منظور ارزیابی روابط بین شاخص‌های مورفولوژیکی نهال های پیوندی آلبالو و گیلاس، نهال ریشه لخت 17 رقم تجاری با سه تکرار از 10 نهالستان واقع در چهار استان کشور، از دو گروه نهال گواهی نشده روی پایه بذری و نهال گواهی شده روی پایه رویشی در فصل جابجایی نهال در سال‌های 1399 و 1400 برداشت شد. ویژگی‌های نهال‌ها شامل ارتفاع، قطر، طول ریشه، تعداد ریشه و شاخه فرعی، وزن تر و خشک، نسبت ارتفاع به قطر و شاخص دیکسون ارزیابی، و همبستگی ساده بین آنها برآورد شد. ضرایب همبستگی و آنالیز مسیر و با در نظر گرفتن شاخص دیکسون به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته، به آثار مستقیم و غیرمستقیم تجزیه شد. نتایج نشان داد میانگین شاخص دیکسون برای نهال‌های پایه بذری تولید شده در اقلیم‌های مختلف برابر با 6/15 بود و در مناطقی با بیش از 3400 درجه-روز رشد مقدار آن بیش از میانگین بود. در نهال‌های گواهی شده مقدار این شاخص به کمتر از 12 رسید که به نظر می‌رسد تحت تاثیر استفاده از پایه‌نیمه پاکوتاه کننده SL-64 بود. بر اساس نتایج آنالیز مسیر در ارزیابی شاخص دیکسون، بالاترین اثر مستقیم مربوط به قطر نهال بالای محل پیوند بود. قطر نهال به‌دلیل داشتن بالاترین همبستگی با شاخص دیکسون و اغلب خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی کارآمدترین شاخص در ارزیابی و درجه بندی کیفیت نهال تعیین شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the Suitable Morphological Indices for Characterization of Quality Categories of Grafted Sour Cherry and Sweet Cherry Seedlings

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Rahmati 1
  • A. Kavand 1
  • H. Kari Dolatabad 2
  • S. Karimpour 3
1 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
2 Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Shirvan Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bojnord. Bojnord, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Evaluation of the Dickson quality index (DQI) is an efficient but destructive and time-consuming method for prediction of the quality of different seedlings. Fast and low-cost prediction of the quality and vigor of fruit tree seedlings at harvest time using DQI which has shown to be highly correlated with morphological characteristics, is necessary. In this study, grafted sour cherry and sweet cherry bare-root seedlings of 17 commercial cultivars with three replications from 10 nurseries in four provinces in Iran were harvested during the transplanting seasons of 2020 and 2021. The seedlings were selected from two types of certified and non-certified grafted sour cherry and sweet cherry on the seedling and clonal rootstocks, respectively. Seedling height, diameter above grafting line (DAGL), root length, number of roots and branches, fresh and dry weight, height to diameter ratio, and DQI were assessed, and simple correlation coefficients between them were calculated. Path analysis method employed to estimate direct and indirect effects of variables. The results showed that the average DQI for non-certified seedlings was 15.6. The higher values of DQI were observed in areas with more than 3400 accumulated growing degree-days. For certified seedlings, DQI decreased to 12 which is likely to be the effect of using SL64 semi-dwarf rootstock. Based on the results of the path analysis for DQI, the highest direct effect was related to DAGL. DAGL was determined as the most efficient morphological characteristic for characterization of quality categories of grafted sour cherry and sweet cherry seedlings due mainly to its highest correlation with the DQI and most of the other morphological characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sour cherry
  • sweet cherry
  • seedling rootstock
  • clonal rootstock
  • semi-dwarf
  • Dixon quality index
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