تعیین شاخص‌های مورفولوژیکی مناسب برای درجه‌بندی کیفیت نهال‌های پیوندی آلبالو و گیلاس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی شیروان، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران.

چکیده

ارزیابی شاخص دیکسون روشی کارآمد اما تخریبی و زمان‌بر برای پیش‌بینی کیفیت انواع نهال محسوب می‌شود. پیش‌بینی سریع کیفیت و قدرت رشد نهال در فصل جابجایی آن به‌واسطه شناسایی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی که بیشترین همبستگی را با این شاخص داشته باشند، ضروری است. به منظور ارزیابی روابط بین شاخص‌های مورفولوژیکی نهال های پیوندی آلبالو و گیلاس، نهال ریشه لخت 17 رقم تجاری با سه تکرار از 10 نهالستان واقع در چهار استان کشور، از دو گروه نهال گواهی نشده روی پایه بذری و نهال گواهی شده روی پایه رویشی در فصل جابجایی نهال در سال‌های 1399 و 1400 برداشت شد. ویژگی‌های نهال‌ها شامل ارتفاع، قطر، طول ریشه، تعداد ریشه و شاخه فرعی، وزن تر و خشک، نسبت ارتفاع به قطر و شاخص دیکسون ارزیابی، و همبستگی ساده بین آنها برآورد شد. ضرایب همبستگی و آنالیز مسیر و با در نظر گرفتن شاخص دیکسون به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته، به آثار مستقیم و غیرمستقیم تجزیه شد. نتایج نشان داد میانگین شاخص دیکسون برای نهال‌های پایه بذری تولید شده در اقلیم‌های مختلف برابر با 6/15 بود و در مناطقی با بیش از 3400 درجه-روز رشد مقدار آن بیش از میانگین بود. در نهال‌های گواهی شده مقدار این شاخص به کمتر از 12 رسید که به نظر می‌رسد تحت تاثیر استفاده از پایه‌نیمه پاکوتاه کننده SL-64 بود. بر اساس نتایج آنالیز مسیر در ارزیابی شاخص دیکسون، بالاترین اثر مستقیم مربوط به قطر نهال بالای محل پیوند بود. قطر نهال به‌دلیل داشتن بالاترین همبستگی با شاخص دیکسون و اغلب خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی کارآمدترین شاخص در ارزیابی و درجه بندی کیفیت نهال تعیین شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the Suitable Morphological Indices for Characterization of Quality Categories of Grafted Sour Cherry and Sweet Cherry Seedlings

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Rahmati 1
  • A. Kavand 1
  • H. Kari Dolatabad 2
  • S. Karimpour 3
1 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
2 Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Shirvan Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bojnord. Bojnord, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Evaluation of the Dickson quality index (DQI) is an efficient but destructive and time-consuming method for prediction of the quality of different seedlings. Fast and low-cost prediction of the quality and vigor of fruit tree seedlings at harvest time using DQI which has shown to be highly correlated with morphological characteristics, is necessary. In this study, grafted sour cherry and sweet cherry bare-root seedlings of 17 commercial cultivars with three replications from 10 nurseries in four provinces in Iran were harvested during the transplanting seasons of 2020 and 2021. The seedlings were selected from two types of certified and non-certified grafted sour cherry and sweet cherry on the seedling and clonal rootstocks, respectively. Seedling height, diameter above grafting line (DAGL), root length, number of roots and branches, fresh and dry weight, height to diameter ratio, and DQI were assessed, and simple correlation coefficients between them were calculated. Path analysis method employed to estimate direct and indirect effects of variables. The results showed that the average DQI for non-certified seedlings was 15.6. The higher values of DQI were observed in areas with more than 3400 accumulated growing degree-days. For certified seedlings, DQI decreased to 12 which is likely to be the effect of using SL64 semi-dwarf rootstock. Based on the results of the path analysis for DQI, the highest direct effect was related to DAGL. DAGL was determined as the most efficient morphological characteristic for characterization of quality categories of grafted sour cherry and sweet cherry seedlings due mainly to its highest correlation with the DQI and most of the other morphological characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sour cherry
  • sweet cherry
  • seedling rootstock
  • clonal rootstock
  • semi-dwarf
  • Dixon quality index

مراجع

Aimi, S. C., Araujo, M. M., Tabaldi, L. A., Barbosa, F. M., Lima, M. S., and Costella, C. 2021. Different shading intensities interfere with the growth of Myrocarpus frondosus Allemao seedlings in the nursery? Floresta 51(1): 137-145.
 
Anonymous. 2017. Canadian standards for nursery stock. 9th edition. Canadian Nursery Landscape Association. Available on https://cnla.ca/training/cnss.
 
Baninasab, B., and Mobli, M. 2008. Morphological attributes of root systems and seedling growth in three species of Pistacia. Silva Lusitana 16: 175-181.
 
Bantis, F., Koukounaras, A., Siomos, A., Menexes, G., Dangitsis, C., and Kintzonidis, D. 2019. Assessing quantitative criteria for characterization of quality categories for grafted watermelon seedlings. Horticulturae 5 (16): 1-10.
 
Berbec, A.K., and Matyka, M. 2020. Planting density effects on grow rate, biometric parameters, and biomass calorific value of selected trees cultivated as SRC. Agriculture 10 (12): 583. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120583.
 
Bezerra, M. A. F., Pereira, W. E., Bezerra, F. T. C., Cavalcante, L. F., and Medeiros, S. A. 2018. Nitrogen as a mitigator of salt stress in yellow passion fruit seedlings. Semina Ciencias Agrarias 40 (2): 611-622.
 
Binotto, A. F., Lucio, A. D., and Lopes, S. J. 2010. Correlations between growth variables and the Dickson quality index in forest seedlings. Cerne 16 (4): 457-464.
 
Cirkovic-Mitrovic, T., Ivetic, V., Vilotic, D., Brašanac-Bosanac, L., and Popovic, V. 2015. Relation between morphological attributes of five wild fruit tree species seedlings in Serbia. pp. 68-77. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Reforestation Challenges. 03-06 June 2015. Belgrade, Serbia.
 
Dardengo, M. C. J. D., Sousa, E. F., Reis, E. F., and Gravina, G. A. 2013. Growth and quality of conilon coffee seedlings produced at different containers and shading levels. Coffee Science 8(4): 500-509.
 
Dickson, A., Leaf, A. A., and Hosner, J. F. 1960. Quality appraisal of white spruce and white pine seedling stock in nurseries. The Forestry Chronicle: 3610-3613.
 
FAO. 2020. Statistical yearbook. World Food and Agriculture 2020. Food and Agriculture Organization of the Uited Nations. Rome, Italy. 366 pp.
 
Gallegos-Cedillo, V. M., Diánez, F., Nájera, C., and Santos, M. 2021. Plant agronomic features can predict quality and field performance: a bibliometric analysis. Agronomy 11: 2-23.
 
Gomes J. M., Couto L. C., Leite, H. G., Xavier, A., and Garcia, S. L. R. 2002. Morphological parameters quality for the evaluation of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. Revista Arvore 26: 655-664.
 
Grossnickle, S. C., and Ivetic V. 2022. Root system development and field establishment: effect of seedling quality. New Forests 53: 1021-1067.
 
Grossnickle, S. C., and MacDonald, J. E. 2018. Why seedlings grow: influence of plant attributes. New Forests 49: 1-34.
 
Grossnickle, S. C., and South, D. B. 2017. Seedling quality of southern pines: influence of plant attributes. Tree Planters' Notes 60 (2): 29-40.
 
Jacobs, D. F., Woeste, K. E., Wilson, B. C., and McKenna, J. R. 2006. Stock quality of black walnut (Juglans nigra) seedlings as affected by half-sib seed source and nursery sowing density. Acta Horticulture 705: 375-381.
 
Kamata, N., Igarashi, Y., Nonaka, K., Ogawa, H., and Kasahara, H. 2020. Analyzing the leafing phenology of Quercus crispula Blume using the growing degree-days model. Journal of Forest Research 25 (3): 147-154.
 
Larson, L. C. S. R., Boliani, A. C., Santo, T. L. E., Teodoro, P. E., and Costa, E. 2018. Substrates, emergence and seedling quality of Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Jatoba) in protected cultivation. Bioscience Journal 34 (3): 615-622.
 
Levy, P. E., and McKay, H. M. 2003. Assessing tree seedling vitality tests using sensitivity analysis of a process based growth model. Forest Ecological Management 183: 77-93.
 
Lin, K. H., Wu, C. W., and Chang, Y. S. 2019. Applying Dickson quality index, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf area index for assessing plant quality of Pentas lanceolate. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47 (1): 169-176.
 
Luedeling E., Kunz A., and Blanke, M. M. 2013. Identification of chilling and heat requirements of cherry trees—a statistical approach. International Journal of Biometeorology 57: 679-689.
 
Mahdavian, M., Bouzari, N., and Abdollahi, H. 2010. Effects of culture media and growth regulators on proliferation and rooting of a vegetative mahlab rootstock (SL-64). Seed and Plant 1: 15-26 (in Persian).
 
Matias, S. S. R., Dias, I. D. L., Camelo, Y. M., Souza, I. S., Castelo, F. R., Aguiar, W. R., and Ferreira, M. D. 2019. Quality of Carica papaya seedlings grown in an alternative substrate based on buriti wood (Mauritia flexuosa Lf). Científica 47 (3): 337-343.
 
Mello, B. F. F. R., Trevisan, M. V., and Steiner, F. 2016. Quality of cucumber seedlings grown in different containers. Revista de Agricultura Neotropical 3 (1): 33-38.
 
Petri, J.L., Hawerroth, F.J., Fazio, G., Francescatto, P., and Leite, G.B. 2019. Advances in fruit crop propagation in Brazil and worldwide – apple trees. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 41 (3): 1-14.
 
Rahman, M. S., Tsitsoni, T., Tsakaldimi, M., and Ganatsas, P. 2015. Field performance of Fraxinus ornus bareroot plants to drought stress. pp. 164-174. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Reforestation Challenges. 03-06 June 2015. Belgrade, Serbia.
 
Rosseel, Y. 2012. Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software 48 (2): 1-36.
 
Saour, G. 2005. Morphological assessment of olive seedlings treated with kaolin-based particle film and biostimulant. Advanced Horticultural Science 19 (4): 193-197.
 
Smirnakou, S., Ouzounis, T., and Radoglou, K. M. 2017. Continuous spectrum LEDs promote seedling quality traits and performance of Quercus ithaburensis var. macrolepis. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 188. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00188.
 
Thompson, B. 1985. Seedling morphological evaluation: what you can tell by looking. pp. 59-71. In: Proceedings of Evaluating Seedling Quality: Principles, Procedures, and Predictive Abilities of Major Tests. 16-18 October 1985. Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
 
Zuffo, A.M., Steiner, F., Busch, A., Júnior, J.M., Fonseca, W.L., Zambiazzi, E.V., Mendes, A.E.S., Borges, I. M. M., Godinho, S. H. M., and Pinto, A. R. S. 2017. Size of containers in the production of flamboyant seedlings. Journal of Agricultural Science 9 (12): 99-109.
 
 
نهال و بذر
دوره 38، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 147-169

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار