فنولوژی گلدهی و وضعیت خودسازگاری تعدادی از ژنوتیپ های زردآلو حاصل از تلاقی ارقام خودناسازگار و خودسازگار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه باغبانی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

2 پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه نانوتکنولوژی، پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

زردآلو یکی از مهمترین و اقتصادی‌ترین درختان میوه مناطق معتدله در ایران و جهان به شمار می‌رود. ارقام بومی کشور، به دلیل خودناسازگاری معمـولاً از پایداری عملکرد میوه پایینی برخوردار هستند. در پژوهش حاضر 19 ژنوتیپ حاصل از گرده افشانی آزاد ارقام تجاری خودناسازگار شاهرودی و شمس با دانه گرده ارقام خودسازگار ایتالیایی سن‌کاسترزه (San Castrese)، پالوملا (Palumella)، ویتیلو (Vitillo) و کافونا (Cafona) انتخاب و از نظر امکان انتقال صفت خودسازگاری به نتاج و نیز بررسی خصوصیات فنولوژیک گلدهی همراه با رقم شاهرودی به عنوان شاهد در سال‌های 99-1397 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی باغبانی پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی واقع در مشکین دشت کرج مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر زمان گلدهی، طول دوره گلدهی، درصد جوانه‌زنی دانه گرده، درصد تشکیل میوه پس از خود گرده‌افشانی کنترل شده و زمان رسیدن میوه با یکدیگر تفاوت معنی-داری داشتند. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد بیشترین میزان درصد جوانه‌زنی دانه گرده در ژنوتیپ 525 (69 درصد) وکمترین آن در ژنوتیپ 579 (2/5 درصد) مشاهده شد. ارزیابی های حاصل از گرده افشانی کنترل شده در باغ و میکروسکوپ فلورسنت نشان داد 13 ژنوتیپ شامل 431، 432، 446، 451، 525، 526، 546، 557، 565، 570، 576، 579 و 585 خودسازگار محسوب شدند. ضرایب همبستگی در دو سال متوالی نشان داد که بین زمان گلدهی و زمان رسیدن میوه همبستگی منفی و بسیار معنی دار در سال اول(r = -0.63**) و سال دوم (r = -0.48**) وجود داشت. درصد جوانه زنی دانه گرده همبستگی مثبت و بسیار معنی داری(r = 0.97**) با تشکیل اولیه میوه داشت. همچنین با بررسی نتایج دوساله، ژنوتیپ‌های 431 و 446 به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های دیرگل شناسایی شدند. بنابراین از نتایج این پژوهش چنین استنباط می شود که خود سازگاری در زرد آلو به آسانی از والدین به نتاج منتقل می شود و دو ژنوتیپ دیر گل شناسایی شده می‌توانند در برنامه های به نژادی زردآلو مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Flowering Phenology and Self-(in)compatibility Status of Some Apricot Genotypes Developed from Crossing Self-incompatible and Self-compatible Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • K. Oroji Salmasi 1
  • R. Gharesheikhbayat 2
  • S. M Miri 1
  • M. Pirkhezri 2
  • D. Davoodi 3
1 Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Apricot is one of the most economically important fruit trees in temperate regions of Iran and in the world. However, it usually produces low fruit yield, due to its self-incompatibility. In this study, self-incompatibility status and flowering phenological characteristics of 19 five-years-old apricot genotypes, developed from open-pollination of Iranian commercial apricot cultivars; Shahroudi and Shams as female parents, and Italian cultivars; San Castrese, Palumella, Vitillo and Cafona as male parents, were evaluated. Timing of blooming, blooming duration, pollen germination (%), fruit set (%), timing of fruit ripening and some other traits were evaluated and recorded. The results showed that apricot genotypes were significantly different for timing of flowering, pollen germination (%), fruit formation (%) and timing of fruit ripening. Mean comparison showed that the highest pollen germination (%) belonged to genotype 525 (69%) and the lowest to genotype 579 (5.2%). Evaluation of data from controlled pollination and fluorescent microscopy study showed that 13 genotypes 431, 446, 432, 446, 451, 526, 546, 557, 565, 570, 576, 579 and 585 could be considered as self-compatible genotypes. Correlation coefficients showed that there was negative and highly significant relationship (r = -0.63**) in first year and (r = -0.48**) in second year, between timing of flowering and fruit ripening. Also correlation coefficient between pollen germination (%) and initial fruit set (%) was positive and highly significant (r = 0.97**). The results of this study implied that self-compatibility is easily transferred from parents to progenies, and the two identified late flowering genotypes can be used in apricot breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apricot
  • pollen germination
  • timing of flowering
  • pollination
  • fluorescent microscopy

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نهال و بذر
دوره 37، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 513-530

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