ارزیابی فنولوژیکی و پومولوژیکی برخی ژنوتیپ‏های امیدبخش سیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده میوه‏ های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 پژوهشکده میوه‏ های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج ایران.

چکیده

در طی دو دهه گذشته ذخایر ژنتیکی با ارزشی از سیب جمع آوری و در کلکسیون سیب بومی کشور در کرج کشت و نگهداری می شود. در این پژوهش خصوصیات فنولوژیکی و پومولوژیکی 15 ژنوتیپ‌ امید بخش سیب گزینش شده در مقایسه با دو رقم گالا و گلدن دلیشز به عنوان شاهد در سال های 1391 و 1392 در ایستگاه تحقیقات باغبانی کمالشهر در کرج مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تنوع قابل توجهی از نظر صفات فنولوژیکی و مرفولوژیکی در میان ژنوتیپ‌ها مشاهده شد. ژنوتیپهای T-R1 و SH-R زودگل ترین و ژنوتیپ B-K-KHدیرگل ترین بودند. گروه هایی از ژنوتیپ‌ها دارای هم پوشانی از نظر زمان گلدهی بودند و در نتیجه ژنوتیپ ها از این نظر به زودگل، میان گل و دیرگل تقسیم بندی شدند. از نظر میزان ریزش میوه قبل از برداشت، ژنوتیپ T5کمترین میزان ریزش و ژنوتیپKH-1 دارای بیشترین ریزش بود. ژنوتیپ SSBبیشترین طول میوه، قطر میوه، وزن میوه و همچنین سفتی گوشت میوه و ژنوتیپ GO-N3 کمترین مقدار این صفات را داشتند. ژنوتیپ M-N10از نظر عطر، طعم و بافت میوه و قابلیت پذیرش کلی برتر بود. شیرین‌ترین میوه مربوط به رقم"گلدن دلیشز" و ترش‌ترین میوه مربوط به ژنوتیپ T5 بود. ژنوتیپ H1-SH به همراه GO-N3 زودرس ترین ژنوتیپ ها بودند. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، ژنوتیپ های M-N10، M-N8 و H1-SH از لحاظ مطلوبیت کلی خصوصیات پومولوژیکی و حسی برتر از سایر ژنوتیپ ها بودند. در نهایت از میان ژنوتیپ های امیدبخش سیب مورد بررسی و ارزیابی ژنوتیپ های M-N10،M-N8 و H1-SH به عنوان ارقام جدید سیب زودرس و میان رس به ترتیب با نام های نیما، زاگرس و شمین در سال 1400معرفی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenological and Pomological Evaluation of Some Apple Promising Genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Dodangeh Balakhani 1
  • S. Damyar 1
  • S. Kalantari 2
  • D. Hassani 3
1 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

During the last two decades, valuable apple genetic resources have been collected and planted in the collection of native apple in Karaj, Iran. In present study, the phenological and pomological characteristics of 15 apple promising genotypes with cv. Golden Delicious and cv. Gala, as control cultivars were evaluated in Kamalshahr field station, Karaj, Iran, in 2012 and 2013. Considerable diversity for phenological and morphological traits was observed among apple genotypes. T-R1 and SH-R genotypes were the earliest flowering and B-K-KH was the latest flowering genotype. Apple promising genotypes showed overlapping for flowering time and grouped into early flowering, medium flowering and late flowering genotypes. T5 genotype had the lowest before harvest fruit drop, while KH-1 genotype had the highest fruit drop. SSB genotype had the highest fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight and flesh firmness, and in contrary GO-N3 genotype had the lowest values for these traits. M-N10 genotype was superior for fruit aroma, fruit taste and texture as well as overall fruit acceptability. The sweetest fruit belonged to "Golden Delicious" and the most sour fruit related to genotype T5. H1-SH genotype as well as GO-N3 were the earliest ripening cultivars. According to the results of this study, M-N10, M-N8 and H1-SH genotypes were superior in comparison with other apple promising genotypes for the overall acceptability of pomological and organoleptic characteristics. Finally, the M-N10, M-N8 and H1-SH genotypes were released in 2021 as new early and medium ripening apple cultivars with the names of Nima, Zagros and Shamin, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple
  • flowering
  • early flowering
  • fruit drop
  • early ripening cultivar and medium ripening cultivar

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نهال و بذر
دوره 37، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 471-488

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