ارزیابی تحمل تنش خشکی در ژنوتیپ های گندم نان (.Triticum aestivum L) زمستانه دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم، سازمان‌تحقیقات،آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات غلات موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم، سازمان‌تحقیقات،آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی تحمل به تنش خشکی در ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان ‌زمستانه تعداد 48 ژنوتیپ (لاین و رقم) در دو محیط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی در دو سال زراعی (99- 1397)درایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم مراغه ارزیابی شدند. هرآزمایش در هر محیط در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با دو تکرار اجرا شد.تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد که اثر سال‌، ژنوتیپ‌ و اثر متقابل سال × ژنوتیپ بر تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله، تعداد روزتا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی، دوره پرشدن دانه، ارتفاع گیاه، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و شاخص برداشت معنی دار بود. میانگین عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌ها در شرایط دیم 1707 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در شرایط دیم به ترتیب مربوط به ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 4، 23، 20 و 26 با 2080، 2066، 2035 و 1999 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود و در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی به ترتیب به ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 13، 7، 11 و 25 با 3044، 3014، 2943 و 2914 کیلوگرم در هکتار تعلق داشت. آبیاری تکمیلی موجب افزایش 738 کیلوگرم عملکرد دانه در هکتار، هشت سانتیمتر ارتفاع گیاه، سه گرم وزن هزار دانه و چهاردرصد شاخص برداشت شد. همبستگی معنی‌داری بین عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌ها در شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی مشاهده نشد. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین عملکرد دانه و شاخص‌های MP، GMP، HM، STIو YIدر شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی مشاهده شدکه بیانگر مناسب بودن این شاخص‌ها برای انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌هایی با عملکرد دانه مطلوب در هر دو شرایط می‌باشند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی و نمودار سه بعدی، ژنوتیپ‌های20، 23 و 26 به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به خشکی با عملکرد بالادر هر دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی و ژنوتیپ‌های 13، 7، 11، 25 و 32 برای شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی شناسایی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Rainfed Winter Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Roustaii 1
  • J. Jafarzadeh 1
  • R. Eslami 2
1 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Maragheh, Iran.
2 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Maragheh, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To study drought tolerant in rainfed winter bread wheat genotypes, 48 genotypes (lines and cultivars) were evaluated under two rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions at Maragheh research field station, Maragheh, Iran, in2018-19 and 2019-20 cropping cycles. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that effects of years, genotypes and year × genotype interaction on day to heading, day to physiological maturity, grain filling duration, plant height, 1000-grainweight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were significant. The average grain yield of genotypes under rainfed conditions was 1707 kg ha-1. The highest grain yield under rainfed conditions related to genotypes no. 4, 23, 20 and 26, respectively, with 2080, 2066, 2035 and 1999 kgha-1.under supplementary irrigation conditions genotypes No. 13, 7, 11 and 25 with 3044, 3014, respectively, with 2943 and 2914 kgha-1 had the highest grain yield. Supplementary irrigation increased mean grain yield by 738 kg ha-1, mean plant height by eightcm, mean 1000 grain weight by three grams and mean harvest index by four percent. Drought stress reduced grain yield of all genotypes. No significant correlation was observed between grain yield of genotypes under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions. Positive and significant correlations were observed between MP, GMP, HM, STI and YI with grain yield (Ys) under rainfed and supplementary irrigation (Yp) conditions which indicated the suitability of these indices for selection of genotypes with reasonable grain yield under either conditions. Based on the results of principal component analysis and three-dimensional diagram, genotypes 20, 23 and 26 were identified as drought tolerant genotypes with reasonable yield in both rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions. Genotypes 13, 7, 11, 25 and 32 were also identified suitable for supplementary irrigation conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bread wheat
  • grain yield
  • biological yield
  • 1000 grain weight and drought stress tolerance index

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نهال و بذر
دوره 37، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 425-451

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