اثر تنش خشکی، تراکم بوته و مرحله برداشت بر عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه کوشیا (.Kochia scoparia L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

کمبود آب و ضرورت تامین علوفه طی سال‌های اخیر گرایش به سمت گیاهان کم توقع مانند کوشیا که علاوه بر تحمل به خشکی و شوری دارای پتانسیل تولید علوفه در شرایط دشوار است را اجتناب ناپذیر می کند. به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی، تراکم بوته و زمان برداشت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفیت علوفه کوشیا، آزمایشی به مدت دو سال 1398 و 1399 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی جوپارکرمان اجرا شد. آزمایش به ‌صورت اسپلیت پلات ‌‎فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تنش خشکی در سه سطح آبیاری بر اساس 50 ، 70 و 90 درصد تخلیه آب قابل استفاده از خاک در کرت های اصلی و دو تراکم بوته 6/16 و 3/33 بوته در هکتار و دو مرحله برداشت، رشد رویشی (55 روز پس از سبز شدن) و شروع گل‌دهی به صورت فاکتوریل و در کرت های فرعی بررسی شدند. در سطوح آبیاری بر اساس 50 و 90 درصد تخلیه آب قابل استفاده از خاک به ترتیب 15/7 و 45/6 تن در هکتار علوفه خشک تولید شد، اما این تفاوت معنی‌دار نبود. برداشت در مرحله شروع گل‌دهی با تولید 30/31 تن علوفه تر در هکتار و 96/8 تن علوفه خشک در هکتار نسبت به برداشت در مرحله رشد رویشی برتری معنی‌داری داشت. بیشترین مقدار پروتئین خام علوفه (94/10 درصد) و کمترین مقدار الیاف NDF (6/50 درصد) و ADF (8/33 درصد) در تنش خشکی شدید (90 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک) به دست آمد. برداشت در مرحله شروع گل‌دهی در مقایسه با برداشت در مرحله شد رویشی از درصد پروتئین خام کمتر اما از NDF بیشتری برخوردار بود. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان با تنظیم آبیاری بر اساس 70 تا 90 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک در مرحله رشد رویشی (55روز پس از سبزشدن) 5/4 تن علوفه خشک با کیفیت مطلوب و در مرحله شروع گل‌دهی به طور میانگین 5/8 تن علوفه خشک تولید کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Drought Stress, Plant Density and Harvesting Satge on Forage Yield and Quality of Kochia (Kochia scoparia L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Najafinezhad
  • S. Z. Ravari
  • M. A. Javaheri
Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research And Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent years shortage of water and necessity of forage production have led to a tendency towards low-input plants such as Kochia. Kochia, that plant that, in addition to drought and salinity tolerance, have the potential to produce forage in less favorable environmental conditions. To evaluate forage yield and quality of Kochia as affected by drought stress, plant density and harvesting stage a field experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 at the Jupar agricultural research rtation of Kerman. The experiment was carried out as split plot factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress at three levels; irrigation at 50%, 70% and 90% depletion of soil available moisture were assigned to main plots and two planting density; 33.3 and 16.6 plant m-2 and two harvesting stages; vegetative growth stage (55 days after emergence) and flowering stage as factorial were randomized in sub plots. In irrigation at 50% and 90% soil available moisture depletion dry forage yield was 7.15 and 6.45 ton ha-1, respectively, however, this difference was not significant. Harvesting at the flowering stage with production of 31.30 ton ha-1 of fresh forage and 8.96 ton ha-1 of dry forage was significantly superior in comparison with other treatments. The highest amount of forage protein (10.94%), and the lowest amount of NDF (%50.6) and ADF (%33.8) were obtained in the severe drought stress (90% depletion of soil available moisture). Harvesting at the flowering stage had lower protein and higher NDF than vegetative growth stage. The results of this study indicated that it is possible to produce 4.5 ton ha-1 of dry forage by harvesting at vegetative growth stage and 8.5 t ha-1 of dry forage at the flowering stage by application of irrigation at 70% to 90% soil available moisture depletion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Kopchia
  • forage crop
  • biomass
  • deficit irrigation
  • dry forage
  • forage protein

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نهال و بذر
دوره 37، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 359-378

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