اثر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد دانه و خصوصیات زراعی مرتبط با آن و تعیین پنجره تاریخ کاشت بهینه برای ارقام جدید گندم نان در مناطق گرم و خشک استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، داراب، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت‌ بر عملکرد و صفات مهم زراعی و تعیین تاریخ کاشت بهینه ارقام تجاری جدید گندم نان در مناطق‌ گرم و خشک استان فارس آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی داراب اجرا شد. کرت‌های‌ اصلی شامل پنج تاریخ کاشت: 5 آبان، 20 آبان، 5 آذر، 20 آذر و 5 دی و کرت‌های فرعی شامل پنج رقم جدید گندم نان: مهرگان، برات، خلیل، سارنگ و ستاره بودند. بیشترین و کمترین میانگین عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب در تاریخ کاشت 20 آبان (6930 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و پنج دی‌ (5770کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌دست آمد. در دو تاریخ کاشت‌ زود هنگام تعداد پنجه‌های بارور و در دو تاریخ کاشت‌ تأخیری وزن هزار دانه همبستگی معنی‌داری با عملکرد دانه داشتند. رقم نسبتاً دیررس خلیل در تاریخ‌های کاشت زود‌هنگام عملکرد بالاتری نسبت به سایر ارقام داشت. رقم‌های زودرس ستاره و مهرگان در تاریخ کاشت تأخیری (5 دی) عملکرد دانه بالاتری نسبت تاریخ‌ کاشت زودهنگام (5 آبان) داشتند. رقم سارنگ با میانگین عملکرد 5660 کیلوگرم در هکتار کمترین نوسان عملکرد را در تاریخ‌های کاشت مورد بررسی داشت. پنجره تاریخ کاشت قابل توصیه و تاریخ کاشت بهینه برای هر رقم متفاوت و در محدوده 25 آبان تا 25 آذر بود. این نتایج بیانگر آن است که انتخاب ارقام زودرس بعنوان یک عامل مهم در مدیریت تلفیقی مزرعه برای کاهش خسارت ناشی از تأخیر در کاشت در مناطق گرم و خشک فارس و اقلیم‌های مشابه بسیار موثر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Sowing Date on Grain Yield and Related Agronomic Characteristics and Determinaation of the Optimum Sowing Date Window for New Bread Wheat Cultivars in Warm and Dry Regions of Fars Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Tahmasebi 1
  • Sh. Sarikhani Khorami 1
  • H. Zali 2
1 Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Fras Agricultural and Natural Sciences Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Fras Agricultural and Natural Sciences Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Darab, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sowing date on grain yield and agronomic charcteristics and to determine the optimum sowing date for new bread wheat cultivars in the warm and dry agro-climatic conditions of Fars provienc. The experiment was carried out as split plot arrangements in randomized complete block with three replications at Darab agricultural research station in 2018- 19 and 2019-20 cropping seasons. The main plots consisted of five sowing dates; 27 October, 11 November, 26 November, 11 December and 26 December, and the sub-plots included five bread wheat cultivars; Mehergan, Barat, Khalil, Sarang and Setareh. The highest and lowest mean grain yield obtained from 11 November (6930 kg ha-1) and 26 December (5770 kg ha-1), respectively. The relatively late cultivar; Khalil had higher grain yield than other cultivars in early sowing dates. The early cultivars; Setareh and Mehregan had higher grain yield in latest planting date (26 December) compared to the earliest planting date (27 October). Sarang cultivar with a mean grain yield of 6650 kg ha-1 had the lowest yield variation in the studied sowing dates. The recommended sowing date window and the optimum sowing date were different for each cultivar and varied from November 16 to December 16. These results indicate that the selection of early cultivars is very effective factor in integrated crop management for reducing grain yield losses due to delay in sowing date in warm and dry regions of Fars province and similar agro-climatic conditions in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bread wheat
  • tiller no. plant-1
  • days to heading
  • 1000 grain weight and plant height

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نهال و بذر
دوره 37، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 335-357

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