تنوع آللی مکان‌های ژنی مربوط به بهاره‌سازی و ارتباط آن با عادت رشد در مزرعه لاین های امیدبخش گندم نان ( .Triticum aestivum L)

نویسندگان

1 گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

گندم نان مهم‌ترین گیاه زراعی است که در سراسر جهان کشت می‌شود و سازگاری گسترده‌ای با شرایط اقلیمی مناطق مختلف دارد. یکی از عوامل مهم این سازگاری نقش ژن‌های بهاره‌سازی در ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف گندم نان می‌باشد و شناسایی تنوع آللی این ژن‌ها امکان تعیین عادت رشد، پیش‌بینی سطح تحمل سرما و سازگاری ژنوتیپ‌ها در اقلیم‌های مختلف را فراهم می‌سازد. در این پژوهش، ارزیابی عادت رشدی 40 ژنوتیپ امیدبخش گندم نان در طی دو سال زراعی در مزرعه و یک سال در گلخانه انجام شد و همچنین تنوع آللی موجود در مکان‌های ژنی VRN-1 و VRN-3 با استفاده از نه جفت آغازگر اختصاصی تعیین گردید. در مکان ژنی VRN-A1، آلل‌هایVrn-A1a ، Vrn-A1b، Vrn-A1c وvrn-A1 بترتیب دارای فراوانی‌های 5/7%، 5/7% ، 10% و 5/67% بودند. در این مکان ژنی سه ژنوتیپ فاقد باند بودند. در مکان ژنی VRN-B1، آلل‌های غالب و مغلوب بترتیب دارای فراوانی‌های 5/52% و 5/47% و در مکان ژنی VRN-D1، این آلل‌ها به ترتیب دارای فراوانی‌های 60% و40% بودند. در مکان ژنی VRN-3 اکثریت ژنوتیپ‌ها (5/97%) دارای آلل vrn-B3 بودند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که آلل‌های مختلف مکان ژنی VRN-A1 نسبت به دو مکان ژنی VRN-B1 و VRN-D1 نقش مهم‌تری در ایجاد تنوع عادت رشدی داشتند و ترکیب‌های مختلف این آلل‌ها منجر به ایجاد طیف متنوعی از کلاس‌های رشدی از عادت رشدی بهاره کامل تا زمستانه کامل شد. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند در تجمیع آلل‌های مطلوب ژن‌های بهاره‌سازی برای تولید ژنوتیپ‌های گندم سازگار با شرایط اقلیمی مناطق مختلف کشور در برنامه های به نژادی گندم نان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Allelic Variation in Vernalization Loci and Its Relationship with Field-Based Growth Habit of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Promising Lines

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Ghorbani 1
  • H. Ghazvini 2
  • R. Aminian 3
  • Sh. Jasemi 2
  • A. Amini 2
1 Plant Breeding Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Ghazvin, Iran.
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Plant Breeding Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Ghazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Bread wheat is one of the most important food crops that is grown in different climatic conditions across the world. One of the important factors for this wide adaptability is the role of vernalization genes in different wheat genotypes. Therefore, identification of allelic variations of these genes provides an opportunity to determine growth habit, prediction of cold tolerance and adaptability of bread wheat genotypes to different climatic conditions. In this study, growth habit of 40 promising bread wheat genotypes was evaluated in the field and glasshouse during two and one cropping seasons, respectively. Allelic variation in VRN-1 and VRN-3 loci was also determined using nine locus-specific primer pairs. In VRN-A1 locus; Vrn-A1a, Vrn-A1b, Vrn-A1c and vrn-A1 alleles had frequencies of 7.5%, 7.5%, 10% and 67.5%, respectively. In this locus, three genotypes did not produce any band. In VRN-B1 locus; dominant and recessive alleles had frequencies of 52.5% and 47.5%, respectively, and in VRN-D1 locus; dominant and recessive alleles had frequencies of 60%, 40%, respectively. In VRN-3 locus; the majority of genotypes (97.5%) had recessive allele (vrn-B3). Results of this study indicated that different alleles of VRN-A1 locus had more influence on field growth habit as compared to VRN-B1 and VRN-D1 loci, and different combinations of these alleles resulted in range of various field growth habits from true spring to true winter. The results of this study can be used in the national bread wheat breeding programs for pyramiding favorite alleles of vernalization genes to improve adaptability of bread wheat genotypes for different target agro-climatic zones of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bread wheat
  • dominant allele
  • recessive allele
  • vernalization genes and allele-specific primer

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نهال و بذر
دوره 37، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 267-292

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