ارزیابی برخی صفات سازگاری به تنش خشکی در اکوتیپ‌های جو وحشی (Hordeum spontaneum L.) بومی اقلیم‌های مختلف ایران

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج

2 پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

جو وحشی (Hordeum spontaneum) منبع ارزشمند تنوع ژنتیکی برای سازگاری نسبت به تنش‌های زنده و غیر‌زنده است که می‌توان از آن برای انتقال ژن‌های جدید به جو زراعی استفاده کرد. در این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی سازگاری اکوتیپ‌های جو وحشی نسبت به تنش خشکی، نوزده اکوتیپ به همراه رقم جو زراعی نصرت، در آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح وتهیه نهال وبذر مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد و نمونه‌ها در دو شرایط آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری (تنش خشکی آخر فصل) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. صفات زراعی، مورفولوژیک، و فنولوژیک در اکوتیپ ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مقایسه میانگین صفات در شرایط تنش، نشان داد که صفات روز تا ظهور سنبله، روز تا گلدهی و روز تا رسیدن در اثر تنش خشکی کاهش معنی‌داری یافتند و تنش خشکی باعث تسریع مراحل فنولوژیک گیاه شد. صفات زراعی طول سنبله، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد بیولوژیکی نیز کاهش معنی‌داری را در شرایط تنش خشکی نشان دادند. در شرایط آبیاری معمول عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و شاخص برداشت، همبستگی معنی‌داری با شاخص تحمل به تنش داشتند. تجزیه به مولفه‌ها در شرایط آبیاری کامل نیز تایید‌کننده این امر بود. تجزیه خوشه‌ای، اکوتیپ های مورد بررسی را به سه گروه تقسیم کرد، گروه اول شامل اکوتیپ‌های حساس، گروه دوم شامل اکوتیپ‌های نیمه‌متحمل و گروه سوم اکوتیپ‌های متحمل نسبت به تنش خشکی بودند. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، اکوتیپ‌های شماره 7، 8 و 13 به همراه رقم زراعی نصرت دارای بالاترین میانگین شاخص تحمل تنش (STI) و اجزای عملکرد بودند. این اکوتیپ‌ها دارای کمترین میانگین روز تا رسیدن بودند (164 روز). علاوه بر این، میزان اتلاف آب نسبی برگ (RWL) نیز در این اکوتیپ‌ها پایین تر از اکوتیپ‌های دیگر بود (27/74 درصد). در تجزیه رگرسیون صفات مرتبط با تحمل تنش خشکی، علاوه بر عملکرد دانه، تعداد روز تا رسیدن و محتوای کلروفیل نسبی نیز وارد مدل شدند، بنابراین به نظر می‌رسد این صفات ارتباط نزدیکی با تحمل به خشکی در اکوتیپ‌های جو وحشی دارند و عامل سازگاری بیشتر با محیط دارای محدودیت رطوبت هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of some Drought Adaptation Traits in Hordeum spontaneum L. Ecotypes from Different Climatic Conditions of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sh. Shahmoradi 1
  • M. R. Chaichi 2
  • J. Mozafari 1
  • D. Mazaheri 2
  • F. Sharifzadeh 2
1 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran.
2 respectively, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) is a valuable source of genetic diversity for adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses which can be used for transferation of new genes to cultivated barley. To evaluate wild barley ecotypes for drought adaptation, nineteen ecotypes and a barley cultivar (Nosrat) were evaluated in experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in non-stressed and water deficit stress conditions. Agronomical, phenological and morphological traits were measured in ecotypes. Results indicated that phonological traits such as days to spike emergence, days to flowering and days to maturity were decreased under water deficit stress condition. Agronomic traits including spike length, plant height and biological yield were also significantly decreased. Under normal condition, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index showed a significant correlation with stress tolerance index (STI). Principle component analysis in normal condition indicated that even in non-stresses condition, agronomic traits had correlation with stress tolerance. Cluster analysis grouped the ecotypes in three different clusters including susceptible, semi-tolerant and tolerant ecotypes. Based on the results, ecotypes no. 7, 8 and Nosrat cultivar had the highest yield components and stress tolerance index, however relative water loss (RWL) and days to maturity (DM) were less in these ecotypes (164 days and 74.27%, respectively). The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that the relative water loss is a physiological trait which shows a close relation with stress tolerance potential of the ecotypes and is an important factor for adaptations to water deficit conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wild barley
  • ecotypes
  • drought tolerance
  • relative water loss

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نهال و بذر
دوره 31، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1394
صفحه 1-24

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