ارزیابی مقاومت به بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای در ارقام محلی و تجاری گندم نان در شرایط مزرعه و با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی پیوسته به ژن های Lr34/Yr18/Sr57

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 موسسه تحقیقات ژنتیک محصولات گیاهی لیبنز، گیترزلبن، آلمان.

4 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

5 گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

زنگ قهوه‌ای به عنوان گسترده‌ترین بیماری زنگ گندم در جهان شناخنه می‌شود و سهم آن در کاهش عملکرد در بسیاری از نقاط جهان همواره مورد توجه بوده است. شناسایی و استفاده از ژن‌های مقاومت به عوامل بیماری‌زای گیاهی در ذخایر توارثی یکی از مهمترین راهکارهای وارد کردن منابع جدید مقاومت به ارقام تجاری اصلاح شده می‌باشد. در این تحقیق 82 ژنوتیپ متنوع گندم نان شامل ارقام محلی و تجاری گندم جمع‌آوری شده از کشورهای جنوب غرب آسیا و برخی نقاط دیگر جهان در شرایط مزرعه و همچنین با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی ارزیابی شدند. در ارزیابی مزرعه‌ای تعداد 56 ژنوتیپ واکنش حساس، 22 ژنوتیپ واکنش نیمه‌حساس، چهار ژنوتیپ واکنش مقاوم و یا مصون نسبت به بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای نشان دادند. واکنش‌های نیمه‌حساس تا مصون در دامنه ژنتیکی متنوع مانند ژنوتیپ‌هایی با منشاء ایران، نپال، پاکستان، ترکیه و هندوستان مشاهده شد. در این رابطه ارقام محلی سهم بسزایی داشتند که نشان دهنده اهمیت مطالعه منابع ژنتیکی موجود در بانک‎های ژن است. نتایج آزمون ژنتیکی ژن Lr34 با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی csLV34، caSNP4 و caSNP12، تطابق کاملی با هم داشتند و هر سه نشانگر قطعه مربوط به آلل مقاومت را در شش ژنوتیپ نشان دادند. در آزمون ژنتیکی ارقامی از ایران با منشاء CIMMYT و همچنین ژنوتیپ‌های از هندوستان و ترکیه در بردارنده آلل موثر ژن Lr34 بودند. تنوع مشاهده شده و همچنین ژنوتیپ‌های حامل ژن مقاومت Lr34 در این تحقیق می‌توانند کمک موثری در پیشبرد برنامه-های به‌نژادی برای مقاومت به بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم نان در کشور باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Resistance to Leaf Rust in Bread Wheat Landraces and Commercial Cultivars Under Field Conditions and By Using Molecular Markers Linked to Lr34/Yr18/Sr57 Genes M.

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Sarhangi 1
  • KH. Zaynali Nezhad 2
  • A. Börner 3
  • , A. Nasrollahnezhad Qomi 1
  • A. Aghaee Sarbarzeh 4
  • S. T. Dadrezaei 4
  • R. Mehrabi 5
1 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.
4 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
5 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Leaf rust is one of the most important rusts diseases of wheat in the world, and its potential impact on wheat yield losses has always been considered significant in many regions. Identifying and using resistance genes against fungal diseases in wheat genetic resources is one of the most effective approaches to introduce new sources of resistance to improved commercial wheat cultivars. In this study, 82 bread wheat landraces and commercial cultivars from different parts of the world were evaluated under field conditions and by using molecular markers assay. In the field nursey, 56 genotypes showed susceptible reaction, 22 genotypes were moderately susceptible, and four genotypes showed resistance or immunity to leaf rust. Reactions varied from moderately susceptible to immunity in different genotypes such as genotypes originated from Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, and India. Most of these genotypes were landraces which indicates the importance of studying wheat genetic resources. The results of the Lr34 molecular assay using csLV34, caSNP4 and caSNP12 markers were identical, and showed the same pattern of resistance allele in six genotypes. In molecular assay, cultivars from Iran with CIMMYT origin and genotypes from India and Turkey had effective alleles of Lr34 gene. The observed genetic diversity and frequency of genotypes with resistance genes in this study can be useful to enhance germplasm for leaf rust resistance in bread wheat breeding programs in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic diversity
  • genetic resources
  • adult plant resistance
  • moderately susceptible
  • SNP markers

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نهال و بذر
دوره 36، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 255-271

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