ارزیابی تحمل خشکی در لاین‌های امیدبخش جو در شرایط کنترل شده و مزرعه

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج، کرج، ایران.

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی واکنش لاین‌های امید‌بخش جو به تنش خشکی، دو آزمایش به صورت مجزا در شرایط کنترل شده و مزرعه انجام شد. در شرایط کنترل شده، 25 لاین و رقم جو در دو سطح تنش اسمزی، صفر (شاهد) و 5- مگاپاسکال با استفاده از نمک پلی اتیلن گلیکول 6000 با استفاده از آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفتند. تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد که اثر ژنوتیپ، پتانسیل اسمزی و اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × پتانسل اسمزی بر درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، طول کلئوپتیل، وزن ریشه‌چه و شاخص بنیه بذر معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش سطح تنش اسمزی کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه به طور معنی‌دار کاهش نشان دادند. در شرایط مزرعه، 20 لاین جو با استفاده از طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دو شرایط تنش خشکی آخر فصل (قطع آبیاری در 50% سنبله‌دهی) و بدون تنش در دو سال زراعی 96-1395 و 97-1396 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها برای عملکرد دانه نشان داد که در هر دو شرایط تنش و بدون تنش اثر سال و اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × سال معنی دار بود. مقایسه میانگین عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ ها در شرایط نرمال نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به ژنوتیپ 16 و در شرایط تنش خشکی نیز بیشترین عملکرد مربوط به ژنوتیپ 16 بود. در این آزمایش با استفاده از به عملکرد دانه در دو شرایط تنش و بدون تنش، شاخص‌های مختلف تحمل و حساسیت به خشکی محاسبه شدند. بر اساس همبستگی بین شاخص‌های مختلف با عملکرد دانه در دو شرایط، شاخص‌های میانگین بهره‌وری‌(MP)، میانگین هندسی‌(GMP)، شاخص تحمل به خشکی‌(STI) و شاخص هارمونیک (HM) به عنوان بهترین شاخص‌ها تعیین شدند. بر اساس این شاخص‌ها ژنوتیپ‌های 16، 11 و 4 به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های برتر در هر دو شرایط شناخته شدند. تجزیه همبستگی بین صفات در مرحله جوانه‌ز‌نی با شاخص‌‌های تحمل به تنش نشان داد که تنها وزن ریشه‌چه با شاخص‌های MP، GMP، HM و STI همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌‌داری داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Promising Barley Lines under Controlled and Field Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Dehghani 1
  • H. R. Nikkhah 2
  • P. Frouzesh 3
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the response of promising barley lines to drought stress, two experiments were carried out separately under controlled and field conditions. Under controlled conditions, 25 barley genotypes were tested at three levels of osmotic stress, zero (control), -5 and -10 MPa using polyethylene glycol 6000 using factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance, for this experiment, showed that the effects of genotype, osmotic potential and osmotic potential × genotype interaction were significant on germination percentage, germination rate, coleoptile length, radical weight and seed vigor index. With increasing osmotic stress, all germination related traits significantly reduced. Under field conditions, 20 barley genotypes were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications, under two conditions; terminal drought stress (irrigation cut off at 50% heading) and non-stress in 2016-17 and 2017-2018 cropping seasons. Combined analysis of variance showed that there was significant (P < 0.01) difference among genotypes for grain yield in stress and non-stress conditions. Mean comparison under non-stress conditions showed that the highest grain yield belonged to genotype 16, and under drought stress conditions also genotypes 16 had the highest grain yield. In this experiment, different drought tolerance and susceptibility indices were calculated using grain yield data in stressed and non-stress conditions. Based on correlation between different indices and grain yield in two conditions, the mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and harmonic mean (HM) were identified as the suitable indices. According to these indices, genotypes 16, 11 and 4 were identified as the superior genotypes in both conditions. Correlation analysis between traits at germination stage with different indices showed that only radicle weight had positive and significant relationship with MP, GMP, HM and STI indices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • drought stress
  • germination
  • grain yield and drought tolerance indices

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نهال و بذر
دوره 36، شماره 2
تیر 1399
صفحه 161-182

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