پاسخ عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‎ های کلزا به کشت دیرهنگام در شرایط آب و هوایی کرج

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

3 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، اراک، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کشت دیرهنگام بر عملکرد دانه و روغن ژنوتیپ‌های کلزا (Brassica napus L.)، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‎های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 95-1394 و 1395-96 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذرکرج انجام شد. دو تاریخ کاشت مرسوم (10 مهر) و تاخیری (10 آبان) در کرت‌های اصلی و 17 ژنوتیپ کلزا ]فرانسوی(8)، ایرانی(5)، مجارستانی(2) و آلمانی(2)[ در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که آثار اصلی و متقابل عوامل مورد بررسی بر کلیه صفات (بجز صفات درصد روغن و تعداد روز تا رسیدگی) معنی‌دار بودند. تغییر در تاریخ کاشت با کشت تاخیری باعث شد که مراحل نمو گیاه با عوامل محیطی متفاوتی مواجه شود. در هر دو سال، با تاخیر در کاشت عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد روغن کاهش یافت. ژنوتیپ‌ Garou در سال اول و ژنوتیپ HL2012 در سال دوم به ترتیب با عملکرد 5240 و 5805 کیلوگرم در هکتار بالاترین عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کشت مرسوم و ژنوتیپ‌ Okapi در سال اول و Garou در سال دوم به ترتیب با عملکرد 3624 و 2702 بیشترین عملکرد را در کشت تاخیری از آن خود کردند. در عین حال کمترین کاهش عملکرد دانه درکشت تاخیری نسبت به تاریخ کاشت مرسوم را ژنوتیپ Lauren در سال اول (5/21 %) و ژنوتیپ Darko در سال دوم (9/35 %) داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Seed Yield Response of Rapeseed Genotypes to Delayed Sowing under Karaj Environmental Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. A. Tohidi-Nia 1
  • M. AghaAlikhani 2
  • A. H. Shirani Rad 3
  • , A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli 1
  • H. Madani 4
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
4 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effect of delayed sowing on seed and oil yields of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes, a field experiment was carried out at the research field station of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 cropping seasons. The experimental design was split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Optimal sowing dates (02 October) and delayed sowing date (01 November) were assigned to the main plots, and 17 rapeseed genotypes [French (eight), Iranian (five), Hungarian (two) and German (two)] were randomized in sub-plots. Combined analysis of variance showed that all main and interactions effects were significant on all studied traits (except the main effect of year on seed oil content). Plant developmental stages experienced different environmental conditions due to delayed sowing and led to decreases in seed yield and yield components, seed oil yield and biological yield. The highest seed yield in optimal sowing date belonged to Garou (in the first year) and HL2012 (in the second year) genotypes with an average of 5240 and 5805 kg ha-1, respectively. However, Okapi (in the first year) and Garou (in the second year) had the lowest seed yield in delayed sowing date with an average of 3624 and 2702 kg ha-1, respectively. Lauren (in the first year) and Darko genotypes (in the second year) had the lowest grain yield reduction (%) in delayed sowing date which accounted for 21.5% and 35.9%, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canola
  • optimal sowing date
  • developmental stages
  • biological yield
  • seed oil content

مراجع

Adamsen, F. J., and Coffelt, T. A. 2005. Planting date effects on flowering, seed yield and oil content of rape and crambe cultivars. Industrial Crops and Products 21: 293–307.
 
Ahmadi, K., Gholizadeh, H., Ebadzadeh, H., Hosseinpoor, R., Hatami, F., Fazli, B., Kazemian, A., and Rafiee, M. 2017. Field crops. Agricultural statistics 2014-2015 crop season. First volume. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture publications. Tehran, Iran. 158 pp. (in Persian).
 
Alyari, H., Shekari, F., and Shekari, F. R. 2000. Oilseeds: agronomy and physiology. Amidi Publications. Tabriz, Iran. 182 pp. (in Persian).
 
Angadi, S. V., Cutforth, H. W., Miller, P. R., McConkey, B. G., Entz, M. H., Brandt, A., and Olkmar, K. M. 2000. Response of three Brassica species to high temperature stress during reproductive growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80: 693-701.
 
Angadi, S., Cutforth, H., McConkey, B. G., and Gan, Y. 2003. Yield adjustment by canola grown at different plant populations under semi-arid conditions. Crop Science 43: 1358-1366.
 
Azizi, M., Soltani, A., and Khavari Khorasani, S. 2007. Canola: physiology, agronomy, breeding, biotechnology. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi of Mashhad University Publications. Mashhad, Iran. 230 pp. (in Persian).
 
Bagheri, M., Mohammad Yavarof, O., and Salehi, M. 2016. Delay cropping effect on yield, yield component, grain oil content of two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 9 (2): 93-110.
 
Balalic, I., Marjanovic-Jeromela, A., Crnobarac, J., Terzic, S., Radic, V., Miklic, V., and Jovicic, D. 2017. Variability of oil and protein content in rapeseed cultivars affected by seeding date. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 29 (6): 404-410.
 
Balodis, O., and Gaile, Z. 2016. Sowing date and rate effect on winter oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) yield components. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 70 (6): 384-392.
 
Barker, A. V. 2011. Science and technology of organic farming. CRC Press. 224 pp.
 
Delkhosh, B., Shirani Rad, A. H., Bitarafan, Z., and Mousavi Nejad., G. 2012. Drought stress and sowing date effects on yield and some grain traits of rapeseed cultivars. Advances in Environmental Biology 6 (1): 49-55 (in Persian).
 
Diepenbrock, W. 2000. Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): a review. Field Crops Research 67: 35-49.
 
Entz, M. H., and Flower, D. B. 1990. Differential agronomic response of winter wheat cultivars to preanthesis environmental stress. Crop Science 30: 1119-1123.
 
Fallah Heki, M. H., Yadavi, A. R., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., and Balouchi, H. R. 2012. Evaluation of oil, protein and grain yield of canola cultivars in different planting date in Yasouj region. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 4(2): 207-222 (in Persian).
 
Fanaei, H. R., Galavi, M., Ghanbari Bonjar, A., Solouki, M., and Naruoei-Rad, M. R. 2008. Effect of planting date and seeding rate on grain yield and yield components in two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under Sistan conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 10 (2): 15-30 (in Persian).
 
FAO, 2018. FAOSTAT Statistical Database. www.faostat.fao.org. Faraji, A. 2003. Effect of sowing date and plant density on rapeseed varieties. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 5 (1): 64-73 (in Persian).
 
Faraji, A. 2013. The role of yield components to determine seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Gonbad area. Journal of Plant Production 20: 217-232 (in Persian).
 
Faraji, A. 2016. Response of oilseed rape hybrids and promising lines to sowing date in Gorgan area. Seed and Plant Production 32 (1): 65-79 (in Persian).
 
Jafarnejadi, A., and Rahnama, A. A. 2011. Effect of late planting on canola yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Iranian Soil Research (Soil and Water Science) 25 (3): 225-233 (in Persian).
 
Johnson, B. L., McKay, K. R., Scheiter, A. A., Hanson, B. K., and Schatz, B. G. 1995. Influence of planting date on canola and crambe production. Journal of Production Agriculture 8: 594–599.
 
Khadem Hamzeh, H. R., Yadavi, A., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., and Shirani Rad, A. H. 2018. Effect of delayed planting on seed yield and its components of winter rapseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under optimum irrigation and terminal drought stress conditions. Seed and Plant Production 24 (2): 207-232 (in Persian).
 
Khajepour, M. R. 2007. Industrial crops. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi of Isfahan University Publications. Isfahan, Iran. 562 pp. (in Persian).
 
Kirkland, K., and Johnson, E. 2000. Alternative seeding dates effect on canola yield and quality. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80: 713-719.
 
Liakas, V., Malinauskas, D., and Diuliauskas, A. 2005. Impact of the additional leaf spray fertilization of rape on the yield and its structural elements. Latvian Journal of Agronomy 8: 112–117.
 
Mendham, N. J., Shipway, P. A., and Scott, R. K., 1981. The effects of seed size, autumn nitrogen and population density on the response to delayed sowing in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 96 (2): 417-428.
 
Morrison, M. J., and Stewart, D. W. 2002. Heat stress during flowering in summer Brassica. Crop Science 42: 797-803.
 
Ozer, H. 2003. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield and yield components of two summer rapeseed cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy 19: 453-463.
 
Pasban Eslam, B. 2011. Study of possibility of delayed planting of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in East Azarbaijan in Iran. Seed and Plant Production Journal 27 (3): 269-284 (in Persian).
 
Pazireh, S., Nezami, A., Kafi, M., and Goldani, M. (2017). The effect of ecotype and planting date on freezing tolerance in garlic medicinal plant (Allium sativum L.) under controlled conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 10 (1): 151-162 (in Persian).
 
Rabiee, M., Karimi, M., and Safa, F. 2003. Effect of planting date on grain yield and agronomic traits in canola cultivars as second crop after rice in Kvchsfhan. Journal of Agriculture Science 25: 177-186 (in Persian).
 
Rameeh, V. 2016. Effect of delayed sowing on reduction of agronomical traits and grain yield of rapeseed lines and varieties in Mazandaran. Applied Field Crops Research 29 (4): 13-24 (in Persian).
 
Rao, M. S. S., and Mendaham, N. J. 1991. Comparison of chinoli (Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera × subsp. chinensis) and B. napus oilseed rape using different growth regulators, plant population densities and irrigation treatments. Journal of Agricultural Science 177: 177-187.
 
Rao, G., Jain, A., and Shivanna, K. 1992. Effects of high temperature stress on Brassica pollen: viability, germination and ability to set fruits and seeds. Annals of Botany 69: 193-198.
 
Robertson, M. J., Holland, J. F., and Bambach, R. 2004. Response of canola and Indian mustard to sowing date in the grain belt of north-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44: 43-52.
 
Shirani Rad, A. H., and Ahmadi, M. R. 1997. Effect of planting date and plant density on growth and yield of two autumn oilseed cultivars in Karaj region. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28 (2): 27-36 (in Persian).
 
Shirani Rad, A. H., and Dehshiri, A. 2003. Canola guide (planting, crop husbandry and harvesting). Nashr-e-Amoozesh. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture publications. 116 pp. (in Persian).
 
Shirani Rad, A. H., Abbasian, A., and Aminpanah, H. 2012. Evaluation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars for resistance against water deficit stress. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 19 (2): 266-273.
 
Shirani Rad, A. H., Jabari, H. R., and Dehshiri, A. 2013. Evaluation of of spring canola cultivars response to autumn and spring planting seasons. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11 (3): 493-505 (in Persian).
 
Siadata, S. A., and Hemayati, S. S. 2009. Effect of sowing date on yield and yield components of three oilseed rape varieties. Plant Ecophysiology 1: 31-35 (in Persian).
 
Sylvester-Bradley, R. and R. J. Makepeace. 1984. A code for stage of development in oilseed rape (Brassica napuse L.). Aspects of Applied Biology 6: 399-419.
 
Turhan, H., Kemal, M., Egese, C., and Kahriman. F. 2011. Effect of sowing time on grain yield, oil content, and fatty acids in rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera). Turkish Journal of Agriculture 35: 225-234.
 
Valdiani, A. R., and Tajbakhsh, M. 2007. Comparison of phenological stages and adaptability of 25 advanced rapeseed (brassica napus l.) varieties in autumnal cultivation in Urmia – West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Journal of Soil and Water Science (Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources) 11 (1B): 329-344 (in Persian).
 
Waymann, W., Bottcher, U., Sieling, K., and Kage, H. 2015. Effects of weather conditions during different growth phases on yield formation of winter oilseed rape. Field Crops Research 173: 41-48.
 
Whitfield, D. M. 1992. Effect of temperature and nitrogen on CO2 exchange of pods of oil seed rape. Field Crops Research 28: 40-48.
 
 
نهال و بذر
دوره 36، شماره 2
تیر 1399
صفحه 137-160

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار