ارزیابی باغی ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش سیب بومی ایران برای تحمل به شانکر قارچی

نویسندگان

پژوهشکده میوه های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

در این مطالعه 18 ژنوتیپ امیدبخش سیب بومی ایران به همراه ارقام تجاری گالا، فوجی، رد دلیشز و گلدن‌ دلیشز در ایستگاه تحقیقات باغبانی کمال‌شهر کرج از نظر آلودگی به شانکر قارچی برای دو سال باغی (95-1394) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. مطالعات اولیه در شرایط باغ، حضور جنس‌های Cytospora و Neofusicoccum را بر روی درختان آلوده به اثبات رساند. نتایج نشان داد میزان حساسیت ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش سیب در برابر شانکر سیتوسپورائی متفاوت بود. بر این اساس ژنوتیپ‌های H1-SH و T51 با میانگین شاخص آلودگی سه در گروه حساس، ژنوتیپB-K-KH به همراه رقم تجاری فوجی در گروه نیمه‌حساس، رقم گلدن دلیشز و ژنوتیپ SBA به ترتیب با میانگین شاخص آلودگی 1/7 و یک در گروه حساسیت کم، جای گرفتند. مایه‌کوبی جدایه قارچ Neofusicoccum بر روی شاخه‌های بریده‌ی غیرفعال از ارقام امیدبخش سیب ضمن اثبات بیماری‌زائی قارچ، واکنش متفاوت آنها را در برابر بیمارگر به نشان داد. در شرایط آلودگی طبیعی، شاخص آلودگی به شانکر دوده‌ای در دامنه‌ای از صفر تا سه (در ژنوتیپ MD-N2) متغیر بود. ژنوتیپ‌های SBA, B-K-KH, ME6, GO-N3 به همراه ارقام تجاری گلدن ‌دلیشز، رد دلیشز و فوجی در گروه نیمه حساس قرار گرفتند. آلودگی همزمان به دو بیمارگر مولد شانکر در پنج ژنوتیپB-K-KH, H1-SH, S-O-G, SBA, T51 و دو رقم تجاری گلدن‌ دلیشز و فوجی مشاهده شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که در شرایط آلودگی طبیعی، می‌توان منابع مطلوبی از مقاومت به بیماری‌ها را در جمعیت‌های بومی سیب ردیابی و از آنها در برنامه‌های به نژادی سیب استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Field Evaluation of Promising Local Apple Genotypes for Tolerance to Fungal Canker

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Dastjerdi
  • S. Nadi
  • S. Damyar
Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Through this investigation 18 promising local apple genotypes along with Gala, Fuji, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious cultivars were evaluated for tolerance to fungal cankers in Kamalshahr horticultural research station, Karaj, Iran, during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. Preliminary field assessment confirmed the presence of Cytospora. and Neofusicoccum in infected trees. The results showed that the relative susceptibility of genotypes to cytospora chanker was different. H1-SH and T51 genotypes with the average infection score of three were identified as susceptible, B-K-KH together with Fuji cultivar were moderately-susceptible, and SBA genotype and cv. Golden Delicious were identified as low susceptible. Artificial inoculation of Neofusicoccum isolates on dormant excised apple twigs confirmed the pathogenicity of isolates and showed different responses of genotypes to pathogen. Under field conditions, the infection score for sooty canker ranged from zero to three (in MD-N2 genotype). GO-N3, ME6, B-K-KH and SBA genotypes as well as cv. Fuji, cv. Red Delicious and cv. Golden Delicious were grouped as moderately susceptible. Simultaneous infection to both fungal cankers observed on five promising genotypes; T51, SBA, S-O-G, H1-SH and B-K-KH, as well as cv. Golden Delicious and cv. Fuji. It can be concluded that there are invaluable resistance sources among promising local apple genotypes, under natural infection, to be selected and used in apple breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple
  • germplasm
  • cytospora canker
  • sooty cankers
  • moderately susceptible

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نهال و بذر
دوره 36، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 33-50

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