ارزیابی سطح مقاومت برخی ژنوتیپ‌های گزینش شده بومی سیب به بیماری آتشک

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 محقق، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 مربی، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

4 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

بیماری آتشک با عامل Erwinia amylovora از خسارت‌زاترین بیماری‌های درختان میوه دانه‌دار از جمله سیب در سراسر جهان است. در این تحقیق سطح مقاومت به بیماری آتشک در 22 رقم و ژنوتیپ منتخب بومی سیب در کنار دو رقم شاهد سیب زرد لبنانی (Golden Delicious) و سیب قرمز لبنانی (Red Delicious) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مواد گیاهی در تابستان 1392 روی پایه بذری سیب پیوند شدند. نهال‌های پیوندی در زمستان 1393 به گلدان منتقل و در اواسط بهار سال‌های 1394 و 1395 با روش تلقیح سرشاخه در شرایط گلخانه مایه‌زنی شدند. زادمایه شامل مخلوطی از سویه‌های E. amylovoraبا منشا استان‌های البرز، آذربایجان غربی، کردستان و خراسان رضوی بود. پنج هفته پس از مایه‌زنی، شدت بیماری بلایت بر اساس نسبت طول نکروز به طول شاخه تلقیح شده تعیین و ژنوتیپ‌ها در گروه‌های مختلف مقاومتی رده‌بندی شدند. در سال 1394 میانگین شدت بلایت 54/24 درصد بدست آمد که بیشتر از 68/17 درصد در سال 1395 بود. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که ژنوتیپ بذری (SSB) و رقم محلی شمیرانی تابستانه حساس‌ترین و ژنوتیپ‌های بیگی کنار رودخانه (B-K-KH)، تربتی (T-R1) و کوزه‌ای سلماس (GO-SA) از سطح مقاومت بالاتر برخوردار بودند. در مجموع، ژنوتیپ‌ها در چهار گروه حساس، نیمه حساس، نیمه مقاوم و مقاوم با فراوانی به‌ترتیب 12/4 درصد، 5/12 درصد، 7/21 درصد و 5/62 درصد از کل ژنوتیپ‌ها رده‌بندی شدند. هیچیک از ارقام و ژنوتیپ‌ها در گروه بسیار حساس قرار نگرفتند. بر این اساس، درصد قابل‌توجهی از ژنوتیپ‌های بومی مورد مطالعه که بطور عمده از ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش بودند از سطح مقاومت بالایی به آتشک برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Resistance Level of Some Selected Local Apple Genotypes to Fire Blight Disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Keshavarzi 1
  • S. Damyar 2
  • D. Atashkar 3
  • M. Naderpour 4
1 Associate Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
2 Researcher (retired), Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Researcher, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Registration and Certification Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora is one of the most important diseases of pome fruits worldwide. In this research, the resistance of 24 selected apple genotypes was evaluated using a mixture of four Erwinia amylovora strains collected from Alborz, Kordestan, West Azarbijan and Khorassan Razavi. The plant material was grafted on apple seedlings in 2013. The grafted plants were transferred to the greenhouse and evaluated for fire blight resistance in spring 2015 and 2016- using shoot-tip inoculation method. Five weeks after inoculation, the blight severity were scored and recorded based on the progression of necrotic area on shoots. Based on the results, the fire blight severity was higher in 2015 than 2016 (24.54% and 17.68%, respectively). The results also indicated that seedling (SSB) and Shemirani Tabestaneh (SH2) genotypes were susceptible and three genotypes including Bigi Kenar Roundkhameh (B-K-Kh), Torbati (T-R1) and Kouzehei Salmasi (Go-Sa) were resistant. Genotypes were grouped into four classes including; susceptible (4.35%), moderately susceptible (13.04%), moderately resistant (17.39%) and resistant (65.52%), and there was no highly susceptible genotype. The results showed that most of the local apple genotypes examined in this research were resistant to fibre blight disease.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple
  • pome fruit
  • susceptibility
  • inoculum
  • necrosis

مراجع

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نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 95-108

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