ارزیابی پایداری عملکرد دانه و تنوع ژنتیکی در ارقام و لاین‌های امیدبخش گندم نان متحمل به شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 معاون بخش تحقیقات غلات- موسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اسلامشهر

3 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

پایداری عملکرد دانه و تغییرات ژنتیکی 17 ژنوتیپ امیدبخش گندم نان متحمل به شوری به همراه سه رقم شاهد ارگ، بم و افق در دو آزمایش مزرعه‌ای و مولکولی بررسی شد. در آزمایش مزرعه‌ای، مقایسه عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌ها در اراضی شور ایستگاه‌های میلیشبار یزد، امیرآباد بیرجند، رودشت اصفهان، اختیارآباد کرمان و زهک زابل در دو سال زراعی 92-1391 و 93-1392انجام شد. برای ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی ژنوتیپ‌ها از 18 نشانگر ریزماهواره (SSR) مرتبط با تحمل به شوری استفاده شد. تجزیه واریانس مرکب عملکرد دانه تفاوت معنی‌دار برای اثر رقم، اثر متقابل سال × مکان و اثر سال × رقم و همچنین اثر متقابل سه‌گانه رقم × سال × مکان نشان داد. مقایسه میانگین ژنوتیپ‌ها با استفاده از آزمون حداقل تفاوت معنی‌دار (LSD) نشان داد که لاین‌های 14، 16، 11 و 5 به ترتیب با عملکردهای 649/4، 517/4، 441/4 و 300/4 تن در هکتار دارای عملکرد دانه بالا بودند. با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف تجزیه پایداری ژنوتیپ‌های 11، 15، 16 و 20 (افق) پایداری عملکرد دانه بالایی داشتند. تجزیه خوشه‌ای داده‌های مولکولی به روشUPGMA و تجزیه به بردارهای اصلی (PCoA)، ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه را در چهار گروه مختلف قرار داد. در مجموع نتایج حاصل ازگروه‌بندی ژنوتیپ‌ها بر اساس داده‌های مولکولی مطابقت کمی با نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی مزرعه‌ای داشت. نتایج آزمون مانتل نشان داد که همبستگی بین عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان در محیط‌های شور با تنوع آللی ژنوتیپ‌ها حدود 13/0 و غیرمعنی‌دار بود. علی‌رغم این همبستگی ضعیف، نشانگرهای SSR به خوبی توانستند تغییرات و تفاوت موجود میان ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان مورد ارزیابی را آشکار سازند. این تنوع ژنتیکی می‌تواند به طور موثری در برنامه‌های ملی به‌نژادی تحمل به شوری گندم نان به کارگرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Grain Yield Stability and Genetic Variation in Salt-Tolerant Bread Wheat Promising Lines and Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Habibollah Ghazvini 1
  • Mahdeieh Marandi 2
  • Ashkbous Amini Sefidab 3
1 Deputy, Head, Cereal Research Dept., SPII, AREEO
2 Former Masters student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr, Islamshahr, Iran.
3 Assistant professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Yield stability and genetic variation in 17 salt-tolerant bread wheat promising lines and three cultivars; Arg, Bam and Ofough were evaluated in field trials as well as by molecular assay. In field, yield trials of genotypes was carried out in saline soils of Melishbar (Yazd), Amirabad (Birjand), Roudasht (Isfahan), Ekhtiarabad (Kerman) and Zahak (Zabol) agriculturar research stations, Iran, in 2012-13 and 2013-14 cropping cycle. To evaluate genetic variation among genotypes, 18 SSR markers that were previously mapped on salt-tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were used. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences for genotype main effect and year × location, year × genotype and year × location × genotype interaction effects. Grain yield comparison of genotypes using least significant difference(LSD) test showed that lines 14, 16, 11 and 5 with grain yields of 4.649, 4.517, 4.441 and 4.300 tha-1 had higher grain yields among genotypes. Different methods of stability analysis revealed that genotypes 11, 15, 16 and 20 (cultivar Ofough) had higher yield stability compared to the other genotypes. Cluster analysis of molecular data using UPGMA method and principal component analysis (PCoA) classified studied genotypes into four major groups. Results of cluster analysis based on molecular data were not in agreement with the results of field experiments. Results of Mantel’s test indicated that correlation between grain yield under salinity stress conditions and their allelic diversity was about 0.13 and not-significant. Despite this weak correlation, SSR markers could greatly reveal genetic variation among wheat genotypes. This genetic variation can effectively be used in wheat breeding programs for salt tolerance in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Salinity stress
  • adaptation
  • molecular markers
  • cluster analysis
  • polymorphism information content

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نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 1-25

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