تجزیه ژنتیکی مقاومت به نژاد 2/1 پژمردگی آوندی در جمعیت‌های خربزه (Cucumis melo L.) بومی ایران

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

بمنظور درک ژنتیک مقاومت به واریانت زردی نژاد یک دوی بیماری پژمردگی آوندی خربزه (Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Melonis) در جمعیت‌های بومی کشور، هفت جمعیت تجاری بومی کشور شامل تیل مگسی نیشابور، جلالی گرمسار، سوسکی گرمسار، خاقانی مشهد، چاپالیزی تربت جام، سمسوری ورامین و شادگانی اهواز، در یک تلاقی دی‌آلل شامل والدین و تلاقی‌های F1، وارد شدند. مقاومت هیجده گیاهچه از هر ژنوتیپ در سه تکرار (در مجموع 36 فرد از هر ژنوتیپ) با استفاده از طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی مورد ارزیابی و با استفاده از تجزیه دوی گاردنر و ابرهارت تجزیه ژنتیکی شد. صفات مورد ارزیابی عبارت بودند از سطح زیر منحنی توسعه بیماری (AUDPC)، شاخص شدت بیماری (DSI) و دوره نهفتگی بیماری (LP). درحالی‌که جمعیت مگسی نیشابور کمترین تفاوت مثبت را در برای AUDPC و DSI و بیشترین تفاوت منفی را در LP با شاهد مقاوم نشان داد. واریانس ژنتیکی، افزایشی و غیر افزایشی همانند ضرایب تغییرات متناظر آن‌ها برای هر سه صفت در سطح احتمال حداقل P < 0.05 معنی‌دار بود که نشان‌دهنده اثر معنی‌دار افزایشی و غالبیت در تبیین ژنتیکی صفات مذکور بود. بیشترین مقدار نسبت بیکر (نسبت GCA/SCA)، با مقدار 86/0 برای DSI برآورد گردید که نشان داد اهمیت اثر افزایشی در تبیین DSI بیش از سایر شاخص‌ها است. بالاترین وراثت‌پذیری عمومی و خصوصی برای شاخص DSI و به ترتیب برابر با 82/0 و 71/0 برآورد گردید که هر دو در سطح احتمال حداقل 05/0 معنی‌دار بودند. وراثت‌پذیری عمومی و خصوصی LP به ترتیب h2b=0.66 و h2n=0.47 (هر دو معنی‌دار در سطح P<0.05) برآورد شد. با توجه به واریانس افزایشی و غیر افزایشی (غالبیت) معنی‌دار برای این شاخص به‌عنوان یک شاخص مطمئن برای اندازه‌گیری مقاومت به پژمردگی آوندی در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی خربزه پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic Analysis of Resistance Against Race 1.2 of Vascular Wilt Disease in Iranian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Landraces

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Rafezi 1
  • H. Dehghani 2
  • Z. Banihashemi 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To understand the genetic control of resistance against yellowing variant of fusarium wilt of melon (FOM 1.2y) in Iranian melon landraces, seven commercial landraces were studied in a half diallel model ( including F1s and parents) using Gardner- Eberhart Analysis II. Parents included: Magasi, Jalali, Sooski, Khaghani, Chapalizi, Semsori and Shadegani. Eighteen seedling of each genotype (totally 36 plants in the experiment) were evaluated using randomized complet block design with three replications. Indices including: area under disease progress curve (AUDCP), disease severity index (DSI) and latent period (LP) were calculated to evaluate the reaction of genotypes. Magasi had the lowest positive difference with resistant check in AUDPC and DSI, and had the lowest negative difference with the resistant check, therefore, identified as the highly resistant parent in this experiment. All genetic variances and their components including additive and dominance (non- additive) were estimated as significant at least at P < 0.05 followed by corresponding significant additive and dominant coefficients of variation. The highest GCA/SCA ratio (0.86) was calculated for DSI which showed the highest significant broad sense and narrow sense heritability ( 0.82 and 0.71, respectively). The results showed the higher importance of additive variance comparing with non-additive (dominance) variance for DSI. Magasi and Chapalizi were identified as the best resistance parents according to estimated GCA. Considering significant broad sense and narrow sense heritability for LP (h2b=0.66, h2n=0.47) followed by significant additive and non-additive variances, it is concluded that LP can be used as a reliable index in breeding programs for improving resistance against FOM 1.2y.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Vascular wilt
  • latent period of disease
  • broad sense heritability
  • narrow sense heritability
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