برآورد عمل ژن برای عملکرد دانه و صفات مرتبط با آن در ذرت دانه‌ای در شرایط تنش رطوبتی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

4 استاد، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.

5 مربی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

به منظورتعیین نحوه عمل ژن و برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی برای عملکرد دانه ذرت و صفات مرتبط با آن در شرایط تنش رطوبتی، دو اینبرد لاین S0200237(P1) و ILYH0231 (P2)، به‌ترتیب حساس و مقاوم به تنش رطوبتی، در سال 1392 تلاقی داده شدند. درسال 1394، والدین P1، P2 و چهار نسل F1، F2، BC1 و BC2 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان کشت شدند و عمل تجزیه میانگین برای داده‌های به دست آمده آنها انجام شد. هتروزیس مثبت و معنی‌دار برای صفت زیست توده بلال در بوته و عملکرد دانه در بوته مشاهده گردید.آزمون مقیاس مشترک و مقدار متوسط غالبیت ژنی عدم کفایت مدل افزایشی – غالبیت را برای بیشتر صفات تأیید نمود که حاکی ازاهمیت اثر اپیستازی و فوق غالبیت در کنترل ژنتیکی این صفات بود. نتایج نشان داد که صفات تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال، قطر بلال، قطر چوب بلال و عمق دانه تحت تأثیر اثر افزایشی ژن‌ها قرار داشتند. وراثت‌پذیری عمومی و خصوصی صفات به‌ترتیب در دامنه 6/88-9/68 و 40/50-13 متغیر بود. میانگین تعداد ژن‌های کنترل‌کننده صفات از حدود 1 تا 7 ژن بود. بیشترین هتروزیس نسبی مثبت، مربوط به صفت زیست توده بلال و عملکرد دانه در بوته بود. به‌طور کلی، گزینش در نسل‌های اولیه برای صفات مرتبط با عملکرد دانه با وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی بالا؛ازجمله: تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال منجر به بهبود عملکرد دانه در نسل‌های پیشرفته خواهد شد. علاوه بر این، انتخاب در نسل‌های اولیه برای کاهش درصد چوب بلال، البته تا حدی که منجر به کاهش معنی‌دار وزن کلی بلال نشود، منجر به افزایش شاخص برداشت بلال و در نتیجه بهبود عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش رطوبتی خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Gene Action for Grain Yield and Yield-related Traits in Grain Maize (Zea mays L.) under Moisture Stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Ghanbari 1
  • S. S. Mousavi 2
  • M. R. Abdollahi 3
  • A. R. Kiani 4
  • S. A. Mosavat 5
1 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
4 Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Golestan, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran.
5 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Golestan, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To determine the type of genes action and estimate genetic parameters under moisture stress condition, two inbred lines of S0200237 (P1) and ILYH0231 (P2), sensitive and resistant to moisture stress, respectively, were crossed in 2013. Six generations P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were planted in a randomized complete block design in 2015 and generation mean analysis was performed. Significant and positive heterosis was observed for ear biomass/ plant and ear-grain yield/plant. The joint scale test and the average of gene dominance confirmed the inadequacy of the additive-dominance model for most traits, indicating the importance of epistatic and over-dominant effect in genetic control of the traits. The results showed that row number/ear, ear diameter, cob diameter and grain depth were controlled by additive effect. The broad and narrow sense heritability of the ranged varied from 68.9 to 88.6 and 13 to 50.40, respectively. The average of genes number controlling the traits varied from 1-7 genes for grain yield. The maximum positive heterosis was observed for ear biomass and grain yield per plant. Generally, selection in early generations for grain yield-related traits with high narrow sense heritability, including the number of rows per ear, will improve grain yield in advanced generations. In addition, selection in early generations to reduce cob percent, to some extent, does not result in a significant reduction in total ear weight, and will result in an increase in harvest index, thus improves grain yield under moisture stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Generation mean analysis
  • heritability
  • heterosis
  • additive effect
  • dominance effect
  • epistasis

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نهال و بذر
دوره 34، شماره 1
خرداد 1397
صفحه 37-62

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