تجزیه ژنتیکی برای برخی صفات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک کلزا در شرایط تنش و عدم تنش خشکی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور (معاونت سرارود)

2 دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور برآورد ترکیب‌پذیری و پارامترهای ژنتیکی کلزا از لحاظ خصوصیات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک از طرح دای‌آلل دوطرفه استفاده گردید. نتاج 1F به‌همراه والدها در دو آزمایش مجزا تحت شرایط تنش و عدم تنش‌خشکی بر پایه طرح لاتیس ساده 9 × 9 در مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم (سرارود) طی سال زراعی 95-1394مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. واریانس ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی (GCA) و خصوصی (SCA) و تلاقی‌های معکوس برای اکثر خصوصیات در دو شرایط معنی‌دار بود. رقم شیرآلی برای میزان روغن و ارقام کامت و دلگان برای عملکرد دانه، بالاترین GCA را برای دو محیط داشتند. دورگ آرجی‌اس 003 × لیکورد در دو محیط برای صفات وزن دانه، محتوی آب‌برگ، میزان روغن و عملکرد دانه مقادیر SCA مثبت و معنی‌داری داشت. واریانس افزایشی برای روز تا گلدهی، ارتفاع بوته، طول خورجین، وزن هزاردانه و میزان روغن دانه در دو محیط بالا بود و برای عملکرد دانه در دو محیط، خورجین در بوته، محتوی آب‌برگ و دمای برگ در محیط تنش و نشت یونی محیط غیرتنش، سهم غالبیت ژن‌ها بیشتر بود. تحلیل گرافیکی هیمن نشان داد که اکثر صفات تحت تأثیر غالبیت‌نسبی و خورجین در بوته در محیط تنش، محتوی آب‌برگ و عملکرد دانه در محیط غیرتنش تحت کنترل فوق‌غالبیت ژن‌ها قرار دارند. بیشترین میزان وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی در وزن هزاردانه برای محیط تنش (92/0) و کمترین در محتوی آب‌برگ برای محیط غیرتنش (21/0) مشاهده شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که امکان بهبود عملکرد دانه، میزان روغن و سایر صفات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک از راه تلاقی بین ارقام متفاوت کلزا برای هر دو شرایط وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic Analysis of Agronomic and Physiologic Characteristics in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under Drought Stress and Non-stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Jamshidmoghaddam 1
  • E. Farshadfar 2
  • A. Najafi 2
1 Scientific member of Dry-land Agricultural Research Institute (Sararood Branch)
2 Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To estimate combining ability and genetic parameters for some agronomic and physiologic characteristics, a reciprocal diallel experiment was conducted with nine rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties. Parents and their F1's were sown in drought stress (S) and non-stress (NS) environments using 9 × 9 lattice design with two replications at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood, Kermanshah, in 2015-2016 cropping season. Results showed that effect of general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA), and reciprocal crosses (REC) were significant (P < 0.01) for most traits in both environments. Parents Shiralee for seed oil content (SOC), Comet and Dalgan for seed yield (SY) were the best general combiners while cross RGS003 × Licord was the best specific combination for thousand seed weight (TSW), relative water content (RWC), SOC, and SY in both environments. Additive genetic variance was more important component for days to flowering, plant height, silique length, TSW and SOC in both environments, while dominance gene effect was greater than the additive component for SY (both environments), number of siliques/plant (NSP), RWC and leaf temperature (S) and electrolyte leakage (NS). According to the results of the graphical analysis, the gene action for most traits was partial dominance, while it was over-dominance for NSP (S), RWC and SY (NS). Maximum and minimum of narrow-sense heritability were obtained for TSW (0.92, in S) and RWC (0.21, in NS), respectively. This study showed that it is possible to improve SY, SOC and other agronomic and physiologic traits through crossing between different varieties of rapeseed for both conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Combining ability
  • gene action
  • heritability
  • seed oil contant
  • seed yield

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نهال و بذر
دوره 34، شماره 1
خرداد 1397
صفحه 15-36

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