تنوع ژنتیکی و مهاجرت جمعیت‌های زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم در ایران بر اساس داده‌های بیماری‌زایی و مولکولی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات زنگ غلات (ایکاردا)، ازمیر، ترکیه

3 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

از آن‌جا که اسپورهای قارچ عامل زنگ‌های غلات به راحتی از طریق جریان‌های هوایی در سطح منطقه و داخل کشور قابل انتقال هستند، در این پژوهش با مطالعات فنوتیپی و مولکولی در جمعیت عامل بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم به بررسی پراکنش پاتوتیپ‌ها و نژادهای عامل بیماری در مناطق مختلف جغرافیایی و ارتباط آن با مسیر جریان‌های هوایی کشور پرداخته شد. پاتوتیپ‌های 86 جدایه با استفاده از 33 لاین تقریبا ایزوژنیک گندم و بر اساس فرمول بیماری‌زایی/غیربیماری‌زایی و همچنین نژادهای فیزیولوژیک آن‌ها با استفاده از بیست لاین تقریبا ایزوژنیک شناسایی شد. برای تعیین ساختار ژنتیکی و بررسی رابطه ژنتیکی جدایه‌ها از نشانگر AFLPو پرایمر نشاندار شده (FAFLP) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که تقریبا بین اکثر استان‌ها شباهت فنوتیپی و مولکولی و ارتباط مهاجرتی در جمعیت‌های زنگ قهوه‌ای وجود دارد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مولکولی نیز نشان داد که هر کدام از جمعیت‌های مورد مطالعه به صورت یک جمعیت مجزا نبوده و جریان ژنی بالایی بین آن‌ها برقرار است. جدایه‌های بررسی شده در سه گروه از استان‌های مجاور بیشترین شباهت یا نزدیکی را با هم داشتند، که سه محور جنوب‌غرب به سمت شمال‌غرب، شمال‌غرب به سمت شمال‌شرق و شمال‌شرق به سمت جنوب‌شرق را شامل می‌شد. بر اساس اطلاعات هواشناسی، این سه محور هرکدام تحت تاثیر دو تا سه جریان هوایی کشور هستند و احتمالا این مسیرها مهم‌ترین مسیرهای انتقال اسپور زنگ در کشور هستند. وجود مشابهت‌های فراوان در بیماری‌زایی جدایه‌ها در استان‌های مجاور و جریانات هوایی بهاره میان آن‌ها وجود ارتباط انتقال اسپور میان استان‌ها را تقویت کرد. این مسیر با مسیر حرکت و انتقال اسپورهای زنگ زرد حاوی فاکتور بیماری‌زایی برای ژن مقاومتYr9 که در دهه 90 اتفاق افتاد مطابقت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic Diversity and Migration of Wheat Leaf Rust Populations in Iran Based on Virulence and Molecular Data

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. T. Dadrezaei 1
  • K. Nazari 2
  • F. Afshari 3
  • M. Torabi 3
1 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Regional Cereal Rust Research Center (ICARDA), Izmir, Turkey.
3 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj.
چکیده [English]

Wheat leaf rust agent is a high virulent and moving pathogen. Spores of the pathogen can easity transmitted by air and spread fast on large areas. In this study, the relationship between pathotypes and races of the pathogen and air currents in different geographical areas of Iran was investigated using leaf rust molecular polymorphism and virulence phenotypic data. Virulence factors and molecular structure of eighty-six isolates of wheat leaf rust were determined. The results of molecular and phenotypic data showed that, there were racial and molecular similarity and population migration among most provinces of wheat growing areas. Molecular variance analysis showed that, there was no relationship between population and geographical distribution of races. It was also found that a gene flow, and massive transfer of spores by air currents are exist. Analysis of molecular variance also indicated that each of population was not a separate population, and gene flow was a main factor between them. Study on leaf rust isolates of neighboring provinces showed similar or very close relations among them in South-West to the North-West, North-West to the North-East and North-East to the South-East directions. Each of these directions are affected by one or two air currents that are probably the most important routes of spore movement in the country. It seems that similarity of pathogen populations in the neighboring provinces could be related to the air currents which impact the movement spores through provinces. This path-way is very similar to transmission path of pathogenic yellow rust spores (Yr9), happened in 1993.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat leaf rust
  • pathotypes
  • Spores migretion
  • Gene flow
  • Air currents
  • Puccinia triticina

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