تحمل به تنش شوری ژنوتیپ‌های پیشرفته گندم در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک و مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر تنش شوری بر برخی صفات گندم، بیست ژنوتیپ پیشرفته در شرایط کنترل شده (کشت هیدرو پونیک) و مزرعه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی بیرجند (امیرآباد) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در شرایط تنش شوری (شوری آب 9 و خاک 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و آزمایش کنترل شده در گلخانه شوری بخش تحقیقات غلات در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک، در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل در سه تکرار به صورت فاکتور A شامل دو سطح شوری (صفر به عنوان شاهد و 12دسی‌زیمنس برمتر نمک کلرید سدیم) و فاکتور B شامل بیست ژنوتیپ انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس در مزرعه نشان دادکه اثر ژنوتیپ‌ بر صفات عملکرد دانه، تعداد روز تا سنبله رفتن و رسیدن، طول سنبله و ‌پدانکل، تعداد و وزن دانه در سنبله، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص ‌برداشت معنی‌دار بود. ژنوتیپ‌ شماره 18(1-66-22//PBW154/3/HALT) با داشتن بیشترین مقدار عملکرد‌ دانه وعملکرد بیولوژیک به عنوان ژنوتیپ متحمل و ژنوتیپ‌ شماره 12 (Bow"s"/Vee"s"//1-60-3/3/Cocoraque 75/4/Inia ) به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌ حساس به شوری در شرایط مزرعه تعیین شدند. نتایج به دست آمده در شرایط کنترل شده حاکی از وجود اختلاف معنی‌دار بین ژنوتیپ‌ها و تاثیر معنی‌دار تنش شوری بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، طول، عرض و سطح برگ، وزن خشک ریشه و اندام‌های هوایی و محتوای کلروفیل بود. اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ و شوری نیز برای برخی صفات معنی‌دار بود. در آزمایش هیدروپونیک، ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 4، 5، 14، 17 و 18 با داشتن مقادیر بالایی از عملکرد بیولوژیک و محتوای کلروفیل در مقایسه با ارقام شاهد، به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های برتر و متحمل و ژنوتیپ‌ شماره 12 به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌ حساس شناسایی شدند که با نتایج مزرعه همخوانی نسبی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Salinity Stress Tolerance in Wheat Advanced Genotypes under Hydroponic and Field Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Ghorbani 1
  • R. Aminian 1
  • A. Amini 2
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Imam Khomeini International University, Ghazvin, Iran.
2 , Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the effects of salinity stress on some wheat characteristics, twenty advanced genotypes were evaluated in controlled (hydroponic culture) and field conditions. Field experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted in saline conditions (Ecwater = 9ds/m and Ecsoil = 12ds/m) at the research farm of Birjand station. The hydroponic culture experiment was conducted in factorial based on RCBD with three replications, in which the first factor was salinity of sodium chloride levels of 0 and 12ds/m and the second factor the same twenty wheat genotypes. In filed experiment, ANOVA results showed significant effects of genotype on grain yield, days to heading and maturity, spike length, peduncle length, spike seed number and weight, thousand grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. Genotype no. 18 (1-66-22//PBW154/3/HALT) was recognized as a tolerant genotype due to the highest grain yield and biomass, while genotype no. 12 (Bow"s"/Vee"s"//1-60-3/3/Cocoraque75/4/Inia) was evaluate as a susceptible genotype in field experiment. In Hydroponic culture, the salinity had significant effects on plant height, biomass dry weight, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, root dry weight and chlorophyll contents. The interaction effects of genotype and salinity were also significant on some traits. In hydroponic experiment, genotypes no. 4, 5, 14, 17 and 18 having higher biomass and chlorophyll contents, compared to the check cultivars, were determined as superior and tolerant genotypes, while genotype no. 12 was susceptible to solinity stress. The results of hydroponic experiment relatively comfimed the results of field experiment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • hydroponic culture
  • Soil salinity
  • biomass
  • agronomic traits

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نهال و بذر
دوره 33، شماره 2
شهریور 1396
صفحه 215-241

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