مطالعه ژنتیکی عملکرد و برخی صفات زراعی در جو با استفاده از تجزیه میانگین نسل‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه بیرجند

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد کرج

3 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه نحوه توارث‌ صفات کمی مختلف در جو، تلاقی‌های ارقام ریحان × ماکوئی و کویر × ماکوئی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در هر دو تلاقی والدین به همراه نسل‌های F1، F2، BC1 و BC2 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج ارزیابی شدند. در طول دوره رشد، از صفات مهم زراعی و عملکرد دانه یادداشت‌برداری به عمل آمد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین نسل‌های مورد نظر از نظر تمامی صفات تفاوت قابل ملاحظه‌ای وجود داشت. تجزیه میانگین نسل‌ها نشان داد که در توارث همه صفات علاوه بر اثر افزایشی و غالبیت، انواع اثر اپیستازی نیز نقش داشتند.در هر دو تلاقی در صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر دانه، قطر ساقه، طول سنبله، طول ریشک، عملکرد دانه و وزن هزار دانه اثر غالبیت سهم بیشتری نسبت به اثر افزایشی داشت.در تلاقی ریحان × ماکوئی برای صفات وزن سنبله و تعداد دانه در سنبله اثر غالبیت مهم‌تر ازاثر افزایشی و در تلاقی کویر × ماکوئی اثر افزایشی مهم‌تر از اثرغالبیت بود. در تلاقی ریحان × ماکوئی برای صفات قطر ساقه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، طول ریشک، طول سنبله و وزن سنبله و در تلاقی کویر × ماکوئی برای صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر دانه، قطر ساقه، طول پدانکل، طول ریشک و عملکرد دانه واریانس ژنتیکی افزایشی بیشتراز واریانس غالبیت بود. در تلاقی ریحان × ماکوئی وزن هزار دانه و در تلاقی کویر × ماکوئی وزن سنبله بیشترین وراثت پذیری عمومی و خصوصی را به خود اختصاص دادند. در این بررسی سه عامل به عنوان عوامل ژنتیکی کنترل کننده عملکرد دانه شناسائی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic Study of Yield and some Agronomic Traits in Barley using Generation Mean Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Zabet 1
  • KH. Mostafavi 2
  • H. Karimi 2
  • M. Khodarahmi 3
1 College of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
2 College of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
چکیده [English]

To study the inheritance of quantitive traits in barley, crosses of barley cultivars Reyhan × Makuei and Reyhan × Kavir were studied. In each cross, parents together with F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Different agronomic traits and grain yield of treatments were recorded during the growth season. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences among generations for all traits. The generation mean analysis showed that in addition to additive and dominance, effects of epistasi were also important in inheritance of the traits. In both crosses the dominance effects were more important than additive effects for plant height, grain diameter, stem diameter, head and awn length, grain yield and 1000 grain weight. In Reyham × Makuei, for spike weight and grain number per spike, dominance effects were more important than additive effects while in Kavir × Makuei additive effects were important. The additive genetic variance was more than dominance genetic variance for traits stem diatemer, grain per spike awn and spike length and spike weight in Reyhan × Makuei, and for traits plant height, grain height, grain diameter, stem diameter, awn and pedancle length and grain yield in Kavir × Makuei. Spike weight and grain weight had the highest broad and narrow sense heritability in Reyhan × Makuei and Kavir × Makuei, respectively. Three genetic factors were determined to control the grain yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • Generation mean analysis
  • additive effects
  • dominace effects
  • epistatic effects
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