شناسایی منابع مقاومت به سفیدک پودری (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) در ژرم‌پلاسم گندم نان بومی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان گلستان

4 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان اردبیل

5 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان مازندران

6 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاه

چکیده

تعداد 1198 نمونه ژنتیکی گندم بومی از کلکسیون گندم نان بانک ژن گیاهی ملی ایران در سال‌های 1385 تا 1389 برای مقاومت به بیماری سفیدک پودری ارزیابی و غربال شدند. نمونه‌ها در قالب سه مجموعه مجزا، هریک حدود 400 نمونه به طور جداگانه در سه منطقه آلوده به بیماری (ساری، مغان و گرگان) در شرایط آلودگی طبیعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. از نمونه‌های ژنتیکی مقاوم در مرحله گیاه کامل، لاین خالص تهیه شد. در مجموع، 165 ژنوتیپ خالص به دست آمد که در سال بعد، در هر سه کانون آلودگی برای مقاومت در مرحله گیاه کامل مجدداً ارزیابی شدند. در هر منطقه تعدادی از ژنوتیپ‌ها به عنوان مقاوم شناسایی شدند، ولی دو ژنوتیپ B1G11 (خراسان) و B2G6 (ایلام) در هر سه ناحیه واکنش مقاومت داشتند. برای ارزیابی، ابتدا جدایه‌های عامل بیماری از مناطق آلوده جمع‌آوری، به صورت تک کلنی تکثیر و با استفاده از ارقام افتراقی تعیین پاتوتیپ شدند. سه پاتوتیپ شناسایی شد که هر سه آن‌ها، برای ژن‌های مقاومت Pm3b، Pm4a، Pm5، Pm6 و Pm7 دارای فاکتور بیماری‌زایی بودند ولی هیچ‌کدام برای ژن‌های مقاومت Pm2 و Pm17 بیماری‌زایی نداشتند. مقاومت ژنوتیپ‌های فوق‌الذکر در گلخانه نیز با استفاده از این سه پاتوتیپ، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. هشتاد و نه ژنوتیپ نسبت به هر سه پاتوتیپ مقاومت نشان دادند و 42 ژنوتیپ دارای الگوی واکنش متفاوتی در مقایسه با ارقام افتراقی بودند که احتمالاً وجود ژن‌های مقاومتی به غیر از ژن‌های مقاومت موجود در ارقام افتراقی را نشان می‌داد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان دهنده پتانیسل ژرم‌پلاسم گندم نان بومی ایران برای شناسایی منابع مقاومت به بیماری سفید پودری گندم بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determinaton of Resistance Sources to Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) in Iranian Bread Wheat Germplasm

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Zahravi 1
  • H. Azimi 2
  • M.A. Dehghan 3
  • N. Allahyari 4
  • R. Alitabar 5
  • H. Pourmoghaddam 6
1 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
2 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection
3 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
4 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Ardebil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
5 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
6 College of Agriculture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

A total of 1198 Iranian accessions of Bread Wheat Collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran were evaluated and screened for resistance to powdery mildew disease. The genetic materials were evaluated separately in three different sets, each comprising about 400 accessions, in three disease hot spots of Sari, Moghan and Gorgan under natural infection of the disease. The resistant accessions were purified leading to 168 lines which were then evaluated again in three hot spots for resistance under the field condition. Different number of resistant genotypes were determined in each location, however, two genotypes B1G11 (From Khorasan) and B2G6 (From Ilam) were resistant in all three location. The pathogen isolates were collected from different regions and purified by single clones and were inoculated on the differential cultivars. Three pathotypes were determined, all had virulence factors for Pm3b, Pm4a, Pm5, Pm6 and Pm7. The pathotypes lacked virulence factor for Pm2, Pm4b and Pm17. The resistance of 165 genotypes was also evaluated with these three pathotypes at seedling stage in greenhouse. Eighty-nine genotypes were resistant to three pathotypes. Forty-two genotypes had different reaction patterns compared to differential varieties suggesting different resistance gene(s) other than those in differential varieties. The results of this research indicated the potential of Iranian bread wheat germplasm as a source for determination of resistant genotypes to powdery mildew disease.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • genetic resources. Wheat
  • Powdery mildew
  • resistance
  • pathotype
  • genetic resources
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