ارزیابی عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های بومی نخود تیپ کابلی در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر

2 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان کردستان

3 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان لرستان

4 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان آذربایجان غربی

5 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه

چکیده

نخود در ایران به صورت دیم کشت می‌شود و معمولاً دوره پر شدن دانه آن با فصل گرما، کم آبی و افزایش میزان تبخیر و تعرق مصادف است که موجب کاهش عملکرد دانه می‌شود، از این رو جستجو برای دستیابی به ژنوتیپ‌های برتر که افزایش و ثبات عملکرد نخود در شرایط دیم را موجب شوند بسیار حائز اهمیت است. با این هدف، بیست و دو ژنوتیپ نخود تیپ کابلی به همراه سه رقم اصلاح شده آرمان، آزاد و هاشم در مزارع آزمایشی مراکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان‌های کرمانشاه، کردستان، لرستان و آذربایجان غربی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی 92-1390 کاشته شدند و صفات فنولوژیکی و زراعی آن‌ها در هر سال اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ در محیط بر صفات روز تا آغازگلدهی، روز تا رسیدگی، تعداد غلاف در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد تک بوته، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود (P≤0.01). ارتفاع کانوپی ژنوتیپ 5671 با ارقام آرمان و آزاد از نظر آماری اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. ژنوتیپ 5551 با میانگین تعداد 23 غلاف در بوته، اختلاف معنی‌داری (P≤0.05) با ارقام هاشم، آرمان و آزاد نشان داد. ژنوتیپ‌های 5654، 6325، 5296، 5618 و 5843 به ترتیب بیشترین میانگین شاخص برداشت را داشتند. تجزیه پایداری و رسم نمودار بای‌پلات نشان داد ژنوتیپ‌های 5171، 5296، 5654، 6084 و 6325 عملکرد دانه بالاتر و پایداری بیشتری در مقایسه با سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield Evaluation of Kabuli Type Chickpea Landraces in Rainfed Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Pouresmael 1
  • H. Kanouni 2
  • H. Asterki 3
  • M. Hajhassani 4
  • A. Mirakhorli 5
1 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Kurdestan Agricultural
3 Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
4 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
5 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
چکیده [English]

Chickpea is mostly cultivated as a rainfed crop in Iran and its seed filing period faces to drought, heat and high evaporation and transpiration which couses yield decrease, therefore more attempts are needed to find genotypes with high and stable yield in rainfed conditions. In the present study, twenty two Kabouli type landraces and three improved chickpea cultivars, Arman, Azad and Hashem were planted in experimental farms of Kermanshah, Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan and Lorestan research centers. The experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications for two years (2012-13). Different phonological and agronomical traits were recorded each year. Combined analysis of variance showed that genotype × environment effect was significant (P≤0.01) for traits of days to flowering, days to maturity, plant seed weight, pod number per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Based on the results, difference of plant canopy height of genotype 5671 with Arman and Azad cultivars was not significant statistically. Genotype 5551 with 23, had the maximum number of pods per plant which was significandly different (P≤0.05) from Hashem, Arman and Azad check cultivars. Genotypes 5654, 6325, 5296, 5618 and 5843 had the highest values of harvest index, respectively. Stability analysis and bi-plot display of genotypes in different locations showed that genotypes 5171, 5296, 5654, 6084 and 6325 had higher seed yield with more stability than other genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Kabuli type chickpea
  • rainfed cultivation
  • seed yield
  • agronomic traits
  • stability analysis

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نهال و بذر
دوره 33، شماره 1
خرداد 1396
صفحه 29-43

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