ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات مهم زراعی کنجد در شرایط آبیاری و محدودیت آبی با استفاده از روش دی‌آلل‌کراس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مربی پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

در این بررسی، از روش دای‌آلل‌کراس یک طرفه، روش 2 گریفینگ و مدل مخلوط B برای ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک هفت لاین کنجد و 21 توده F2 آن‌ها در شرایط آ بیاری و محدودیت آبی استفاده شد. بر اساس نسبت میانگین ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی به خصوصی در شرایط آبیاری، کنترل صفات تعداد روز تا آغازگل‌دهی، تعداد روز تا پایان گل‌دهی، تعداد روز گل‌دهی ، تعداد روزتا رسیدگی، تعداد کپسول در شاخه اصلی، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد شاخه اصلی، طول کپسول، طول میان گره، تعداد گره غیر زاینده کپسول، تعداد گره زاینده کپسول و تعداد کل گره تحت تاثیر اثر افزایشی ژن‌ها، برخی صفات تحت تاثیر اثر غیر افزایشی ژن‌ها و برخی دیگر تحت تاثیر صفات ترکیب متوازنی از این دو اثر بود. مقادیر وراثت‌پذیری‌ عمومی از 4/58 درصد برای طول میان‌گره تا7/97 درصد برای تعداد کپسول در بوته متغیر بود. ارزیابی وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی نشان‌دهنده مقادیر بالای این شاخص برای صفات تعداد کپسول در شاخه اصلی با 5/82 درصد و روزتا رسیدگی با 5/80 درصد بود که حاکی از بازده بالای انتخاب برای این صفات بود. در شرایط محدودیت آبی در تمام صفات، اثر غیر افزایشی ژن‌ها نقش بیشتری داشت. وراثت‌پذیری عمومی صفات در این شرایط تغییر محسوسی نسبت به شرایط آبیاری نداشت، اما برآوردهای وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی در شرایط محدودیت آبی نسبت به آبیاری دچار کاهش شد که بیانگر احتمال کندی پیشرفت برنامه‌های به‌نژادی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Genetic Parameters of Important Agronomic Traits of Sesame in Irrigated and Water-Limited Conditions using Diallel Cross Method

نویسنده [English]

  • S. Mansouri
Instructor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study, half diallel cross method with Grifing method II and model mixed B was used to evaluate genetic parameters for physiological and morphological traits in seven lines of sesame and their 21 F2 populations under normal irrigation and water limited (water withholding before flowering) conditions. Mean of evaluated GCA/SCA under normal irrigation indicated that days to flowering, days to end of flowering, flowering duration, days to maturity, number of capsule per main stem, 1000-seed weight, main stem yield, capsule length, internode lengh, number of infertile nodes, number of capsule bearing nodes, and total number of nodes were mostly controlled by additive gene effects, some by non-additive gene effects and in some cases by a balance between the two genes mode of actions. Heritability in the broad sence varied from 58.4% for internode length to 97.7% for number of capsule per plant. Narrow sense heritability was high for number of capsule per plant (82.5%) and days to maturity (80.5%), indicated high selection efficiency for these traits under water limited condition. All the evaluated traits were governed by additive effects which indicated a shift in genetic control of the traits compared to normal irrigated condition. Broad sense heritability appeared to be unchanged but evaluation of narrow sense heritability was lower in water limited condition compared to normal irrigated, which may indicate reduction in breeding progress rate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sesame
  • yield
  • Diallel cross
  • genetic mechanisms
  • General combining ability
  • Specific combining ability

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نهال و بذر
دوره 32، شماره 3
آذر 1395
صفحه 401-430

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