اثر دانه گرده بر صفات کمی و کیفی میوه خرما رقم شاهانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

2 پزوهشکده خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جهرم، ایران

چکیده

گرده‌افشانی از مهم‌ترین فاکتورها در مدیریت نخلستان‌ها است که نقش مهمی در بهبود کمیت و کیفیت محصول خرما دارد. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین مناسب‌ترین پایه گرده‌زا برای خرمای شاهانی در قالب دو آزمایش جداگانه در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی جهرم و دانشگاه تربیت مدرس در سال‌های 1392-1390 انجام شد. آزمایش اول به‌منظور تعیین مناسب‌ترین پایه گرده‌زا در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با شش تیمار (گرده نر بومی جهرم، بومی داراب، بومی قیروکارزین، بومی لارستان، بومی فراشبند و گرده نر کشت بافتی بویر 11) و چهار تکرار انجام شد. آزمایش دوم به‌منظور بررسی درصد قوه نامیه دانه گرده، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با شش تیمار پایه‌ گرده‌زا و چهار تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش اول نشان داد که اثر پایه‌های گرده‌زا بر صفات درصد تشکیل میوه، عملکرد، طول، قطر، وزن و حجم میوه معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین درصد تشکیل میوه و عملکرد به ترتیب در تیمارهای استفاده از پایه گرده‌زای بومی لارستان و پایه‌های بومی لارستان و بومی داراب به‌دست آمد. برخلاف صفات درصد رطوبت و خاکستر میوه، pH و اسیدیته آب‌میوه، اثر تیمارهای مختلف دانه گرده بر صفات نسبت گوشت به هسته و TSS معنی‌دار بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از آزمایش دوم، بین پایه‌های نر مورد مطالعه اختلاف معنی‌داری از نظر درصد جوانه‌زنی دانه گرده مشاهده شد. بیشترین و کمترین درصد جوانه‌زنی دانه گرده به ترتیب مربوط به پایه نر بومی لارستان و کشت بافتی بویر 11 بود. به‌طورکلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که پایه‌های گرده‌زای بومی لارستان و بومی داراب مناسب‌ترین پایه گرده‌زا در بین پایه‌های نر برای خرما رقم شاهانی در منطقه جهرم استان فارس هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Pollen on Quantitative and Qualitative Charcteristics of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Shahani

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Khajehpour Tadavani 1
  • K. Arzani 1
  • H. Zargari 2
  • S. Sarikhani Khorami 1
1 respectively, Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Instructor, Date Plan and Tropical Plants Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Jahrom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Pollination as one of the most important management factors in date orchards is playing a crucial role in improving fruit quality and yield. The aim of this experiment was to determine the best pollinizer for Shahani date cultivar in Jahrom Agricultural Research Stations, Fars and Tarbiat Modares, University, Tehran, during 2012-2013. To determine the most compatible pollinizer to Shahani date, the first experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with six treatments (Jahrom native pollen, Darab native pollen, Ghir and Karzin native pollen, Larestan native pollen, Frashband native pollen and tissue culture Boyer 11 pollen) and four replications. To investigate the viability of pollen, the second experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with six pollinizer treatments and four replications. The results of the first experiment showed that the effect of different pollinizer treatments on fruit set, yield, length, diameter, weight and volume of fruit was significant. The highest percentage of fruit set and yield was observed in the Larestan rootstocks and Larestan and Darab pollinizer treatments, respectively. Contrast to fruits ash and moisture content, pH and juice acidity, effect of different pollinizer treatments on flesh weight to stone ratio and TSS was significant. Based on the second experiment results, there were significant differences among studied pollinizers in term of pollen germination percentage. The highest and lowest pollen germination percentage was related to the Larestan and tissue culture Boyer 11 pollinizer male palm, respectively. Generally, the results showed that Larestan and Darab native pollens are the most suitable pollinizer cultivar for Shahani date in Jahrom areas of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Date palm cv. Shahani
  • Pollen germination
  • Pollinizer cultivar
  • pollination

مراجع

Acar, I., and Kakani, V. G. 2010. The effects of temperature on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Pistacia spp. Scientia Horticulturae 125: 569-572.
 
Afshari, H., Talaei, A., and Sadeghi, G. 2008. A study of some of the components in the pistachia nut and the effect of pollen grains on quantitive and qualitative traits of them. Journal of Horticultural Science 22 (2): 12-23 (in Persian).
 
Ahmadi, N. A. 1999. Effects of storage methods and environmental conditions on citrus pollen germination. MSc. Thesis, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
 
Alizadeh-Salteh, S., Arzani, K., and Irani, K. 2012. Self-incompatibility studies of some iranian late-blooming almonds and pollen source effect on some characteristics of nuts. Journal of Nuts 3(2): 37-44.
 
Al-Khalifah, N. S. 2006. Metaxenia: Influence of pollem on the maternal tissue of fruits of two cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Bangladesh Journal of Botany 35(2): 151-161.
 
Al-Khalifah, N. S., and Askari, E. 2011. Growth Abnormalities Associated with Micropropagation of Date Palm. pp. 205-220. In: Jain, S. M., Johnson, D. V., and Al-Khayri, J. M. (eds.), Date Palm Biotechnology Springer, New York, USA.
 
Al-Muhtaseb, J. A., and Ghnaim, H. D. 2006. Effect of pollen source on yield, quality and maturity of 'barhi' date Palm. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2 (2): 10-20.
 
Anonymous 2013. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; FAO Statistical Databases Available from: http://faostat.fao.org. Accessed Dec.10.2012.
 
Awad, M. A. 2005. Fruit set failure in tissue culture-derived date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. 'Nabat saif' as affected by pollinizer type and pollination density. Proceedings of the International Workshop on True-to-Typeness of Date Palm Tissue Culture-Derived Plants, 23-25 May, Morocco.
 
Ben Salah, M., and Hellali, R. 1998. Metaxenic effects of nine pollinators on three palm date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera, L.) growing in Tunisia Coastal Oasis. Abstracts of the First International Conference on Date Palms, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Page: 61.
 
Besbes, S., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Drira, N. E., and Attia, H. 2004. Date seeds: Chemical composition and characteristic profiles of the lipid fraction. Journal of Food Chemistry 84: 577-584.
 
Brewbaker, J. L., and Kwack, B. H. 1963. The essential role of calcium ion in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. American Journal of Botany 50 (9): 859-865.
 
Denney ,J. 1992. Xenia includes metaxenia. HortScience 27: 722-728.
 
Desouky, M. I., Al-Amer, M., Faied, M., Jahjah, M. A., and El-Hammady, A. M. 1993. Effect of different pollinators on fruit set and qualities of some date cultivars. Program and Abstracts of the Third Symposium on Date Palm. King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. page:.91.
 
Dezhampour, J., and Gerigourian, V. 2004. Effects of pollen type on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apricot fruit. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 5: 1-10 (in Persian).
 
El-Makhtoun, M. F., and Abdel-Kader, A. 1993. Effect of different pollen types on fruit-setting, yield and some physical properties of some date palm cultivars. Program and Abstract of the Third Symposium on Date Palm. King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. page: 90.
 
El-Sharabasy, S. F., and El-Banna, A. A. 2009. The effect of pollen sources on the fruit quality of the new introduced date palm Barhi cultivar in Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture 36 (2): 265-274.
 
Gasim, A. A. 1993. Comparative study of morphological characteristics of six seedling date palm and their effects on the yield of some date cultivars. Program and Abstract of the Third Symposium on Date Palm. King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. page: 181.
 
Heydari, M., and Abbasi, M. 2011. Effects of pollen source and mixing of pollen grains on physical and biochemical characteristics of fruits in tissue culture-derived date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 12 (2): 165-180 (in Persian).
 
Iqbal, M., Ghaffar, A. J., and Munir, M. 2008. Effect of different date male pollinizers on fruit characteristics and yield index of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars Zahidi and Dhakki. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Research 21: 79-85.
 
Mohebi, H., Torahi, A., Latifian, M., Mostan, A., Rahkhodi, A., and Rahnama, A. 2012. Applied Principle of Date Palm Cultivation and Growing. Katibeh Sabz Press, Tehran, Iran. 196 pp. (in Persian).
 
Moustafa, A. A. 2001. The effect of pollen source on fruit characteristics of ‘Seewy’date cultivar. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Date Palms, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirate. pp. 2-11.
 
Raven, P. H., Evert, R. Y., and Curtis, H. 1981. Biology of Plants. 3rd Edition, Worth Publishers, New York, USA. 686 pp.
 
Rezazadeh, R., Hassanzadeh, H., Hosseini, Y., Karami, Y., and Williams, R.R. 2013. Influence of pollen source on fruit production of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Barhi in humid coastal regions of southern Iran. Scientia Horticulturae 160: 182-188.
 
Saddiq, A. A., and Bawazir, A. E. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pits extracts and its role in reducing the side effect of methyl prednisolone on some neurotransmitter content in the brain, hormone testosterone in adulthood. Acta Horticulturae 882: 665-690.
 
Shafaat, M., and Shabana, R. 1980. Metaxenic effects in date palm fruit. Beitrage Trop. Landwirtsch. Veterinarmed 18 Jg. H8.
 
Shafique, M., Khan, M. S., Malik, A., Shaid, M., Rajwana, A., Saleem, B., Amin M. A., and Ahmad, A. 2011. Influence of pollen source and pollination frequency on fruit drop, yeild and quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Dhakki. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43 (2): 831-839.
 
Swingle, W. T. 1928. Metaxenia in the date palm. Journal of Heredity 19: 256-268. Talaei, A., and Panahi, B. 1995. The effect of pollen of five different male-palm trees on the chemical characteristics of Jiroft Mazafati date cv. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Sciences 26 (4): 11-16 (in Persian).
 
Zaid, A., and de Wet, P.F., 2002. Pollination and bunch management. pp. 145-175. In: Zaid, A., and Arias-Jimenez, E. J. (eds.), Date Palm Cultivation. FAO Plant Production and Protection Papers-156, Rev.1, Rome, Italy.
 
Zargari, H. 2000. Effects of Zahedi (collected from three locations), kings, Tours pollen and two local pollinizer on dioecious palm fruit on the physical and chemical traits of Phoenix dactylifera l. cv. Zahedi. Priceedings of the 2nd Iranian Horticultural Science Congress, Karaj, Iran (in Persian).
 
 
نهال و بذر
دوره 32، شماره 3
آذر 1395
صفحه 293-310

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار