ارزیابی سازگاری برخی ارقام زیتون (Olea europaea L.) در اقلیم های مختلف ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

2 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه به باغی و فناوری تولید، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 مربی، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زرقان، ایران

5 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

سازگاری نه رقم بومی و وارداتی زیتون در قالب آزمایش اسپلیت‌پلات در زمان، بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در چهار ایستگاه تحقیقاتی طارم، رودبار، کازرون و سرپل ذهاب از سال 1383 تا 1387 به مدت پنج سال ارزیابی شد. در این بررسی برخی صفات گل و میوه مانند تعدادگل درگل آذین، درصدگل‌های کامل، وزن میوه، طول و قطر میوه،  نسبت گوشت به هسته،درصد روغن در ماده خشک میوه، عملکردبه درخت و کارآئی عملکرد اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب صفات نشان داد که در طی پنج سال در هر مکان تفاوت های معنی‌داری وجود داشت. در هر مکان نیز بین ارقام از نظر صفات مورد ارزیابی تفاوت‌های معنی‌داری وجود داشت. با در نظر گرفتن نتایج پنج ساله این بررسی، در ایستگاه تحقیقات زیتون کازرون رقم کنسروالیا با عملکرد و نسبت گوشت به هسته بالا به عنوان رقم دو منظوره و رقم آمیگدالولیا با عملکرد و درصد روغن بالا به عنوان رقم روغنی شناسائی شدند. در ایستگاه تحقیقات سرپل ذهاب نیز رقم کنسروالیا به عنوان یک رقم دو منظوره و در منطقه طارم ارقام کنسروالیا و زرد به عنوان ارقام دو منظوره، و ارقام کرونیکی و آربکینا به عنوان ارقام روغنی شناسائی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Adaptability of some Olive (Olea europeae L.) Cultivars in Different Climates of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Azimi 1
  • I. Arji 2
  • A.A Zeinanloo 3
  • M.R Taslimpour 4
  • M. Ramazani Malakrodi 5
1 Instructor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Production Management and Technology Research Department, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
4 Instructor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zarghan, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To evaluate compatibility of some native and imported olive cultivars, an experiment with nine cultivars was conducted in Tarom, Roudbar, Kazeroon and Sarpolezahab Olive Research Stations since 2004 for five years. The experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Some flower and fruit characteristics such as the number of flowers per inflorescence, percentage of perfect flowers, fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, flesh to stone ratio, oil percentage in dry matter of fruit, fruit yield per tree and yield efficiency were measured. Combined analysis of variance showed, significant differences in each location during five years. Significant differences were also observed among the cultivars for different traits in each location. Based on the results of five years experiments, in Kazeroon Research Station, cv. Konservolia with high yield and flesh- stone ratio was recognized as a dual purpose cultivar, and cv. Amigdalolia with high oil percentage and yield, as an oily cultivar. In Sarpolezahab Research Station, cv. Konservolia was also recognized as dual- purpose cultivar and in Tarom Research Station, cvs. Konservolia and Zard were determined as dual purpose and cvs. Koroneiki and Arbequina as oily cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Olive
  • imported cultivars
  • yield efficiency
  • flower and fruit characteristics
  • oil percentage

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نهال و بذر
دوره 32، شماره 3
آذر 1395
صفحه 275-292

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