اجزای فیزیکی مقاومت در ژنوتیپ‌های پیاز مقاوم و حساس به بیماری پوسیدگی ریشه و طبق ناشی از قارچ Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae

نویسندگان

مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان

چکیده

یکی از عوامل محدود کننده رشد گیاه پیاز، بیماری پوسیدگی ریشه و طبق است که در اثر قارچ Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae ایجاد می‌شود. در این تحقیق، هشت ژنوتیپ پیاز بومی شامل قرمز آذرشهر، سفید قم، هرسین، درچه اصفهان، سفید کاشان، اسحاق‌آباد نیشابور، ابرکوه یزد و قولی قصه زنجان و دو ژنوتیپ خارجی تگزاس ارلی گرانو و سوییت اسپانیش مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. ابتدا، این ژنوتیپ‌ها با بررسی درصد ریشه‌های آلوده و بر اساس فاکتورهای بیماری (درصد آلودگی، شدت و شاخص بیماری) در طیف‌های مقاوم، متحمل و حساس ارزیابی شدند. به منظور بررسی اجزای فیزیکی مقاومت، ویژگی‌های آناتومیکی ریشه شامل ضخامت اپیدرم، ضخامت و تعداد لایه پارانشیم پوست، ضخامت آندودرم، ضخامت دایره محیطیه، شعاع استوانه مرکزی، قطر آوند آبکشی، قطر آوندهای چوبی و قطر اولین لایه سلولی پوست اسکلرانشیمی، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد ژنوتیپ‌های مورد آزمون از نظر میانگین برخی از صفات مورد بررسی، اختلاف معنی‌داری داشتند و همبستگی بالا و مثبت بین این صفات و میزان مقاومت این ژنوتیپ‌ها به بیماری پوسیدگی ریشه و طبق وجود داشت. صفت تعداد لایه پارانشیم پوست، نقش قابل توجه در مقاومت را دارا بود، به طوری که بیشترین میانگین تعداد لایه پارانشیم پوست در ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم سفید کاشان، سفید قم و کمترین میانگین در ژنوتیپ‌های حساس هرسین و قولی قصه زنجان مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Physical Resistance Components of Onion Genotypes, Resistant and Susceptible to Root and Basal Plate Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Nasr Esfahani
  • M. Hosseini Koupaee
چکیده [English]

One of the growth limiting factors of onion plants is root and basal plate rot disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. In this research, eight Iranian onion genotypes, Azarshahr Red, Ghom White, Herssin, Isfahan Dorcheh, Kashan White, Nishabour Ishaghabad, Yazd Abarkoh, Zanjan Gholigheseh and two commercial genotypes, Texas Erly Grano and Yellow Sweet Spanish were investigated. Genotypes were first divided in to resistant, tolerant and susceptible groups depends on disease factors. The root anatomical components including epidermis size, derma parenchyma (size and layer numbers), endodermis size, pericycle size, different xylem sizes, Phloem size, central cylinder size, and sizes of sclerenchyma layer of root cortex were also assessed in genotypes. The results indicated that some of these anatomical components were different among onion genotypes. There was a direct and high correlation between some of these anatomical components and resistance of onion genotypes to root and basal plate rot disease. Layer numbers of derma parenchyma had the most important and significant role in the resistance level of onion genotypes. Resistant genotypes such as Kashan White and Ghom White had the maximum layer number of derma parenchyma but susceptible genotypes such as Hersssin and Zanjan Gholighese had the minimum layer number.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Onion
  • root and basal plate rot disease
  • Root anatomy
  • resistance
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