ارزیابی فنوتیپی مقاومت به زنگ‌ها در برخی ژنوتیپ‌های گندم ایران در شرایط گلخانه و مزرعه

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج

چکیده

زنگ‌ها همواره به عنوان بیماری‌های مهم گندم، دارای خسارت اقتصادی قابل توجهی در سطح جهان بوده‌اند و کشت ارقام مقاوم بهترین روش کنترل بیماری است. در این پژوهش پنج جدایه زنگ قهوه‌ای، پنج جدایه زنگ زرد و پنج جدایه زنگ سیاه از مناطق مختلف کشور جمع‌آوری شد. واکنش 124 ژنوتیپ گندم ایران نسبت به این پانزده جدایه در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای در کرج و در سال زراعی 90-1389 در مرحله گیاه کامل نسبت به زنگ قهوه‌ای در مزرعه اهواز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که حدود 28 درصد ژنوتیپ‌ها نسبت به تمام جدایه‌های زنگ زرد، حدود 19 درصد نسبت به تمام جدایه‌های زنگ قهوه‌ای و تنها 5 درصد به جدایه‌های زنگ سیاه مقاوم بودند. لاین N-87-13 به تمام جدایه‌های سه بیماری مقاوم بود و لاین M-87-18 به تمام ده جدایه زنگ سیاه و زنگ قهوه‌ای مقاوم بود. در این پژوهش نه ژنوتیپ N-87-13، M-86-5، DM-79-2، DM-84-3، آرتا، دنا، بهار، سپاهان و سیوند به تمام جدایه‌های زنگ زرد و زنگ قهوه‌ای مورد بررسی و پنج ژنوتیپ به تمام جدایه‌های زنگ زرد و سیاه مقاوم بودند. با توجه به مقدار AUDPC (سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری) محاسبه شده برای ارقام حامل ژن Lr34 تمام ارقامی که در آن‌ها وجود ژن Lr34 با نشانگر مولکولی تایید شده بود (39 ژنوتیپ) نرخ آلودگی کمتری نسبت به ارقامی که فاقد این ژن بودند داشتند. بر اساس واکنش رقم افلاک و لاین M-85-7 نسبت به جدایه‌های زنگ قهوه‌ای در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای و گیاه کامل به نظر می‌رسد این ژنوتیپ‌ها علاوه بر ژن Lr34 حامل ژن‌های مقاومت گیاه کامل دیگری نیز باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Phenotypic Resistance to Rusts in some Iranian Wheat Genotypes in Greenhouse and Field Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. T. Dadrezaei 1
  • F. Afshari 2
  • M. Patpour 2
چکیده [English]

Rusts are important diseases of wheat in case of economy and distribution in the world and use of resistant cultivars is the best method to control them. In the present study, reaction of 124 Iranian wheat genotypes were evaluated against five dominant isolates of each yellow rust (YR), leaf rust (LR) and stem rust (SR) at seedling stage. All genotypes were also evaluated at adult plant stage in field and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for them. The results showed that from 124 genotypes, 35, 24 and 7 genotypes were resistant to all isolates of YR, LR and Sr respectively. Line N-87-13 was resistant to all three rusts. Line M-87-18 that carries Lr24/Sr24 genes showed resistance reaction to leaf and stem rust isolates. Nine genotypes DM-84-3, DM-79-2, M-86-5, N-87-13, Arta, Dena, Bahar, Sepahan and Sivand were resistant to all YR and LR isolates. Five genotypes N-86-4, N-87-4, N-87-13, WS-86-8 and SS-85-20 showed resistance reaction to all isolates of YR and SR. Totally, 28% of genotypes were resistant to YR, 19% to LR and 5% to SR isolates. Twenty-nine genotypes were known carrying resistance gene Lr34 showed low levels of AUDPD in field. Based on the reaction of cultivar Aflak and line M-85-7 to LR both at seedling and adult plant stages, it seems that they may carry other adult plant resistance gene (s) in addition to Lr34.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • rusts
  • seddling and adult plant resistance
  • AUDPC
  • Slow rusting
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